Yager Joel, Kay Jerald
Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.
Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 2023 Apr 1;211(4):257-265. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001644.
Ambition is a uniquely human, complex personality trait. Although the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition mentions ambition only once, in a peripheral comment concerning narcissistic personality disorder, psychopathological states associated with ambition are commonly encountered in everyday life. Ambition has been linked to narcissism, power, and dominance, but it is distinct from each of these concepts. Although the development of ambition is most strongly influenced by social, cultural, and demographic factors, evidence suggests that genetic and biological factors also contribute.This article describes how ambition-related psychopathologies can manifest as 1) misalignment of ambitions and capabilities; 2) "blind ambition"; 3) distortions associated with bipolar and other mood disorders; 4) amalgams of ambition with Machiavellian traits, psychopathy, narcissism, and sadism (i.e., dark triad/tetrad traits); and 5) amotivation/apathy syndrome deficits associated with general medical and psychiatric conditions.The field requires more robust measures for assessing ambition, further delineation of ambition-related psychopathologies, and effective treatments for these conditions.
抱负是一种独特的人类复杂人格特质。尽管《精神疾病诊断与统计手册（第5版）》仅在关于自恋型人格障碍的一则附带评论中提及过一次抱负，但与抱负相关的心理病理状态在日常生活中却很常见。抱负与自恋、权力和支配地位有关联，但它又有别于这些概念中的每一个。尽管抱负的发展受社会、文化和人口统计学因素影响最大，但有证据表明遗传和生物学因素也有作用。本文描述了与抱负相关的心理病理学如何表现为：1）抱负与能力的不匹配；2）“盲目抱负”；3）与双相情感障碍及其他情绪障碍相关的扭曲；4）抱负与马基雅维利主义特质、心理变态、自恋和施虐癖（即黑暗三合/四合特质）的融合；5）与一般医学和精神疾病相关的无动机/冷漠综合征缺陷。该领域需要更有力的措施来评估抱负，进一步明确与抱负相关的心理病理学，并针对这些情况进行有效治疗。
