Fujimoto Kanta, Totani Yuki, Nakai Junko, Chikamoto Nozomi, Namiki Kengo, Hatakeyama Dai, Ito Etsuro
Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
Biology (Basel). 2023 Feb 27;12(3):375. doi: 10.3390/biology12030375.
Adiponectin enhances insulin sensitivity, which improves cognition in mammals. How adiponectin affects the mechanism's underlying cognition, however, remains unknown. We hypothesized that experiments using the pond snail , which has long been used in learning and memory studies and in which the function of insulin-like peptides affect learning and memory, could clarify the basic mechanisms by which adiponectin affects cognition. We first identified putative molecules of adiponectin and its receptor in . We then examined their distribution in the central nervous system and changes in their expression levels when hemolymph glucose concentrations were intentionally decreased by food deprivation. We also applied an operant conditioning protocol of escape behavior to and examined how the expression levels of adiponectin and its receptor changed after the conditioned behavior was established. The results demonstrate that adiponectin and adiponectin's receptor expression levels were increased in association with a reduced concentration of hemolymph glucose and that expression levels of both adiponectin and insulin-like peptide receptors were increased after the conditioning behavior was established. Thus, the involvement of the adiponectin-signaling cascade in learning and memory in was suggested to occur via changes in the glucose concentrations and the activation of insulin.
脂联素可增强胰岛素敏感性，从而改善哺乳动物的认知能力。然而，脂联素如何影响认知的潜在机制仍不清楚。我们推测，利用长期用于学习和记忆研究且胰岛素样肽功能会影响学习和记忆的池塘蜗牛进行实验，可能会阐明脂联素影响认知的基本机制。我们首先在[此处原文未提及具体对象，推测可能是“池塘蜗牛”]中鉴定出脂联素及其受体的假定分子。然后，我们研究了它们在中枢神经系统中的分布，以及当通过禁食有意降低血淋巴葡萄糖浓度时它们表达水平的变化。我们还对[此处原文未提及具体对象，推测可能是“池塘蜗牛”]应用了逃避行为的操作性条件反射方案，并研究了条件行为建立后脂联素及其受体的表达水平如何变化。结果表明，脂联素及其受体的表达水平随着血淋巴葡萄糖浓度的降低而增加，并且在条件行为建立后，脂联素和胰岛素样肽受体的表达水平均升高。因此，提示脂联素信号级联在[此处原文未提及具体对象，推测可能是“池塘蜗牛”]的学习和记忆中的参与是通过葡萄糖浓度的变化和胰岛素的激活而发生的。
