Kessler J F, Alberts D S, Plezia P M, Wilson V, Chase J, Aapro M, Surwit E A
Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1986;16(3):282-6. doi: 10.1007/BF00293993.
Antiemetics of known efficacy have been shown to block mainly one of three neurotransmitter receptors in the brain. A combination of antiemetics, designed specifically for outpatient use and consisting of metoclopramide, thiethylperazine, diphenhydramine, dexamethasone, and diazepam, is capable of blocking multiple sites in the emesis pathway. Eighty-four patients receiving highly emetic chemotherapy (85% received cisplatin) completed 200 trials of this five-drug combination using two similar regimens. Complete control (i.e., no nausea or vomiting) was achieved in 45% and two or fewer episodes of vomiting was experienced in 72% of these 200 trials. The mean number of vomiting episodes was 1.65, the median 1.0, and the range 0-15. Sedation was nearly universal, although no serious toxicity was encountered. Thus, this antiemetic combination designed for outpatient use proved highly effective in controlling nausea and vomiting associated with highly emetic anticancer treatment.
已知有效的止吐药主要作用于大脑中三种神经递质受体中的一种。一种专为门诊患者设计的止吐药组合，由胃复安、硫乙拉嗪、苯海拉明、地塞米松和地西泮组成，能够阻断呕吐途径中的多个部位。84名接受高致吐性化疗的患者（85%接受顺铂治疗）使用两种相似方案完成了200次这种五药组合的试验。在这200次试验中，45%的患者实现了完全控制（即无恶心或呕吐），72%的患者呕吐发作次数为两次或更少。呕吐发作的平均次数为1.65次，中位数为1.0次，范围为0至15次。几乎所有患者都出现了镇静作用，不过未遇到严重毒性反应。因此，这种专为门诊患者设计的止吐药组合在控制与高致吐性抗癌治疗相关的恶心和呕吐方面被证明非常有效。
