Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Łódzki 4, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Mar 14;20(6):5089. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20065089.
Plant growth and the development of morphological traits in plants are inhibited under exposure to pharmaceuticals that are present in soil and water. The present study revealed that moxifloxacin (MOXI), nalidixic acid (NAL), levofloxacin (LVF) and pefloxacin (PEF) at concentrations of >0.29, >0.48, >0.62 and >1.45 mg × L, respectively, inhibited the growth (Ir) of duckweed plants and decreased their yield (Iy). In the current study, none of the tested quinolones (QNs) at any of the examined concentrations were lethal for common duckweed plants. However, at the highest concentration (12.8 mg × L), LVF increased Ir and Iy values by 82% on average and increased the values of NAL, PEF and MOXI by 62% on average. All tested QNs led to the loss of assimilation pigments. In consequence, all QNs, except for LVF, induced changes in chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), without any effect on phaeophytinization quotient (PQ) values. The uptake of NAL, MOXI, LVF by during the 7-day chronic toxicity test was directly proportional to drug concentrations in the growth medium. Nalidixic acid was absorbed in the largest quantities, whereas in the group of fluoroquinolones (FQNs), MOXI, LVF and PEF were less effectively absorbed by common duckweed. This study demonstrated that biosorption by occurs regardless of the plants' condition. These findings indicate that can be used as an effective biological method to remove QNs from wastewater and water and that biosorption should be a mandatory process in conventional water and wastewater treatment.
暴露于土壤和水中存在的药物会抑制植物的生长和形态特征的发育。本研究表明，莫西沙星（MOXI）、萘啶酸（NAL）、左氧氟沙星（LVF）和培氟沙星（PEF）的浓度分别大于 0.29、0.48、0.62 和 1.45mg×L 时，会抑制浮萍植物的生长（Ir）并降低其产量（Iy）。在本研究中，在所检查的浓度下，没有一种测试的喹诺酮类药物（QNs）对普通浮萍植物具有致死性。然而，在最高浓度（12.8mg×L）下，LVF 平均将 Ir 和 Iy 值提高了 82%，并将 NAL、PEF 和 MOXI 的值平均提高了 62%。所有测试的 QNs 都会导致同化色素的损失。因此，除了 LVF 之外，所有 QNs 都会导致叶绿素荧光（Fv/Fm）发生变化，而对叶绿素化量子产额（PQ）值没有任何影响。在为期 7 天的慢性毒性试验中，浮萍对 NAL、MOXI、LVF 的吸收与生长介质中的药物浓度成正比。萘啶酸的吸收量最大，而在氟喹诺酮类药物（FQNs）组中，MOXI、LVF 和 PEF 被普通浮萍的吸收效果较差。本研究表明，生物吸附作用的发生与植物的状况无关。这些发现表明，浮萍可以用作从废水和水中去除 QNs 的有效生物方法，并且生物吸附作用应该成为常规水和废水处理中的强制性过程。
