Wang Yunjing, Zhuoma Qucuo, Xu Zhi, Peng Yunliang, Wang Mu
Research Institude of Tibet Plateau Ecology, Plant Sciences College, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, China.
Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/MOA Key Laboratory for Integrated Management of Pest on Crops in Southwest China, Chengdu 610000, China.
J Fungi (Basel). 2023 Mar 16;9(3):363. doi: 10.3390/jof9030363.
Barley ( L.) is the most important cereal crop in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the yield has been seriously threatened by f. sp. () in recent years. To understand the virulence and genetic traits of different populations, 229 isolates of were collected from Tibet, Sichuan, Gansu and Yunnan provinces of China during 2020 and 2021, and their pathogenicity to 21 barley lines of different genotypes was assessed. A total of 132 virulent types were identified. The isolates from Yunnan showed the highest diversity in terms of virulence complexity () and genetic diversity (), followed by those from Sichuan, Gansu, and Tibet, in that order. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in genes coding for alternative oxidase (AOX), protein kinase A (PKA), and protein phosphatase type 2A (PPA) were detected at seven polymorphic sites. Nine haplotypes (H1-H9) with an average haplotype diversity () and nucleotide diversity π of 0.564 and 0.00034, respectively, were observed. Of these, haplotypes H1 and H4 accounted for 88.8% of the isolates, and H4 was predominant in Tibet. Genetic diversity analysis using the STRUCTURE (K = 2) and AMOVE indicated that the inter-group variation accounted for 54.68%, and inter- and intra-population genotypic heterogeneity accounted for 23.90% and 21.42%, respectively. The results revealed the recent expansion of the population in Tibet, accompanied by an increase in virulence and a loss of genetic diversity.
青稞（L.）是青藏高原最重要的谷类作物，近年来其产量受到青稞条纹病菌（f. sp. ()）的严重威胁。为了解不同群体的毒力和遗传特征，2020年至2021年期间从中国西藏、四川、甘肃和云南四省收集了229株青稞条纹病菌分离株，并评估了它们对21个不同基因型青稞品系的致病性。共鉴定出132种毒力类型。云南的分离株在毒力复杂性（）和遗传多样性（）方面表现出最高的多样性，其次是四川、甘肃和西藏的分离株，顺序依次为上述。在编码交替氧化酶（AOX）、蛋白激酶A（PKA）和2A型蛋白磷酸酶（PPA）的基因中检测到7个多态性位点的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）。观察到9种单倍型（H1 - H9），平均单倍型多样性（）和核苷酸多样性π分别为0.564和0.00034。其中，单倍型H1和H4占分离株的88.8%，H4在西藏占主导地位。使用STRUCTURE（K = 2）和AMOVE进行的遗传多样性分析表明，组间变异占54.68%，群体间和群体内基因型异质性分别占23.90%和21.42%。结果揭示了西藏青稞条纹病菌群体最近的扩张，伴随着毒力增加和遗传多样性丧失。
