Shah Asim A, Iqbal Syed Z
Barbara & Corbin J. Robertson Jr. Chair in Psychiatry, Menninger Department of Psychiatry, Division of Community Psychiatry, Family & Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Chief of Psychiatry, Ben Taub Hospital/Harris Health System, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
J Pers Med. 2023 Feb 25;13(3):411. doi: 10.3390/jpm13030411.
Research in the field of psychopharmacology is ongoing to develop novel compounds which can revolutionize the treatment of psychiatric disorders. The concept of bench-to-bedside is a tedious process, transforming the initial research performed in the laboratories into novel treatment options. Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a chronic psychiatric illness with significant morbidity and mortality. SCZ not only presents with psychotic symptoms including hallucinations and delusions but also with negative and cognitive symptoms. The negative symptoms include the diminished ability to express emotions, loss of pleasure, and motivation with minimal social interactions. Conventional antipsychotics primarily target positive symptoms with minimal therapeutic benefits for negative and cognitive symptoms along with metabolic side effects. Researchers have explored novel targets to develop new compounds to overcome the above limitations. The glutamatergic system has provided new hope in treating schizophrenia by targeting negative and cognitive symptoms. Other receptor modulators, including serotonergic, phosphodiesterase, trans-amine-associated receptors, etc., are novel targets for developing new compounds. Future research is required in this field to explore novel compounds and establish their efficacy and safety for the treatment of schizophrenia. Last but not least, pharmacogenomics has effectively utilized genetic information to develop novel compounds by minimizing the risk of failure of the clinical trials and enhancing efficacy and safety.
精神药理学领域的研究正在进行，以开发能够彻底改变精神疾病治疗方法的新型化合物。从实验室到临床应用的过程很漫长，要将在实验室进行的初步研究转化为新的治疗选择。精神分裂症（SCZ）是一种慢性精神疾病，具有较高的发病率和死亡率。SCZ不仅表现出包括幻觉和妄想在内的精神病性症状，还伴有阴性和认知症状。阴性症状包括表达情感的能力下降、快感缺失、动机缺乏以及社交互动极少。传统抗精神病药物主要针对阳性症状，对阴性和认知症状的治疗益处极小，还会产生代谢副作用。研究人员已经探索了新的靶点来开发新的化合物，以克服上述局限性。谷氨酸能系统通过针对阴性和认知症状，为治疗精神分裂症带来了新的希望。其他受体调节剂，包括血清素能、磷酸二酯酶、转胺相关受体等，是开发新化合物的新靶点。该领域需要未来的研究来探索新型化合物，并确定它们治疗精神分裂症的疗效和安全性。最后但同样重要的是，药物基因组学通过最大限度地降低临床试验失败的风险，并提高疗效和安全性，有效地利用遗传信息来开发新型化合物。
