[Analysis of the pathogenesis and risk factors of gallstone].

To explore the pathogenesis and risk factors of gallstone formation. The findings of hepatobiliary ultrasound and related data were collected from healthy subjects who underwent a physical examination at Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from January 2012 to December 2021. A total of 98 344 healthy subjects were included in the study,including 48 241 males and 50 103 females,with a ratio of 1∶1.03,aged (42.0±15.6)years(range:14 to 97 years). The gender,age,body mass index,waist circumference,systolic pressure,diastolic pressure,ALT,AST,total bilirubin,fasting blood glucose,triglyceride,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein,high-density lipoprotein were collected.Healthy subjects were required to sit for at least 10 minutes before blood pressure was measured.Rresults of fasting venous blood were collected after 8 to 12 hours on an empty stomach.According to the presence of gallstones by ultrasound results, healthy subjects were divided into study group and control group. Data were analyzed by rank-sum tests and test, and risk factors for gallstone formation were explored by Logistic regression analysis. The incidence of gallstones in this group was 5.42%(5 333/98 344). Among them,the incidence of gallstones in people aged 60 years and above was significantly higher than that in people under 60 years old(15.31%(2 348/15 334) 3.60%(2 985/83 010), =3 473.46,<0.05).The healthy subjects were divided by age for every 10 years,and the results showed that the incidence of gallstones increased with age. The incidence of gallstones in females was 5.68%(2 844/50 103),greater than 5.16%(2 489/48 241) in males(=11.81,<0.05). Among them,1 478 cases underwent gallbladder surgical resection due to gallstones,and the operation rate was 27.71%. The operation rate reached the peak between 60 and <70 years old,and decreased after 70 years old. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that,female(=1.38, <0.01),age(=1.58, <0.01),body mass index≥24 kg/m(=1.31, <0.01),waist circumference≥85 cm(=1.24, <0.01),fasting blood glucose>6.1 mmol/L(=1.18,<0.01),total cholesterol≥5.18 mmol/L(=0.87, =0.019),low-density lipoprotein≥3.37 mmol/L(=1.15,=0.001) were the risk factors for gallstone formation;high-density lipoprotein≥1.55 mmol/L(=0.87, <0.01) was a protective factor for gallstone formation. The incidence of gallstones increases with age in male and female. Gender,age,body mass index,waist circumferenc,fasting blood glucose,total cholesterol,LDL,and HDL are related factors with gallstone formation.