Uddin Ijaz, Ullah Atta, Saqib Najia, Kousar Rakhshanda, Usman Muhammad
Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
Department of Economics, University of Swat, Charbagh, Swat, Pakistan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Apr;30(20):58378-58398. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-26584-3. Epub 2023 Mar 29.
This research aims to investigate the impact of energy consumption, financial development, and economic development on the ecological footprint in a panel of 119 developed and developing countries between 2002 and 2018. The study employs panel unit root and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to achieve this goal. The ARDL results reveal that several factors such as energy consumption, financial development, urbanization, globalization, foreign direct investment, and population growth have a positive relationship with the ecological footprint in developed countries. On the other hand, the human development index and natural resources negatively affect the ecological footprint in developed countries. Moreover, the ARDL results indicate that energy consumption, financial development, urbanization, foreign direct investment, and population growth positively impact the ecological footprint in developing countries in the long run. In contrast, the human development index, natural resources, and globalization have a negative impact on the ecological footprint. These findings imply the need for different policy implications for both developed and developing countries to reduce their ecological footprint.
本研究旨在调查2002年至2018年期间119个发达国家和发展中国家组成的面板中能源消耗、金融发展和经济发展对生态足迹的影响。该研究采用面板单位根和自回归分布滞后（ARDL）模型来实现这一目标。ARDL结果显示，能源消耗、金融发展、城市化、全球化、外国直接投资和人口增长等几个因素与发达国家的生态足迹呈正相关。另一方面，人类发展指数和自然资源对发达国家的生态足迹有负面影响。此外，ARDL结果表明，从长期来看，能源消耗、金融发展、城市化、外国直接投资和人口增长对发展中国家的生态足迹有积极影响。相比之下，人类发展指数、自然资源和全球化对生态足迹有负面影响。这些发现意味着发达国家和发展中国家都需要采取不同的政策措施来减少其生态足迹。
