毛里塔尼亚儿童乙肝疫苗接种覆盖率的首次评估及婴儿免疫后抗体滴度的持久性
The First Assessments of Pediatric HBV Immunization Coverage in Mauritania and Persistence of Antibody Titers Post Infant Immunizations.
作者信息
El Hachimi Hala, El Alem Mohamed Mahmoud Mohamed, Haimoudane Esma, Yebouk Cheikh, Pedersen Jannie, Fall-Malick F-Zahra, Khiddi Fatimetou, Abdawe Mohamed, Sadegh Sidi Ahmed, Fausther-Bovendo Hugues, Mohamed Abdellahi Mohamed Vall
机构信息
Unit of Epidemiology Molecular and Diversity of Microorganisms, University of Nouakchott, Nouakchott 2373, Mauritania.
National Reference Laboratory of Leishmaniasis, National Institute of Hygiene, Rabat 10010, Morocco.
出版信息
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Mar 3;11(3):588. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11030588.
BACKGROUND
The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine is used worldwide as an efficient tool to prevent the occurrence of chronic HBV infection and the subsequent liver disease. However, despite decades of vaccination campaigns, millions of new infections are still reported every year. Here, we aimed to assess the nationwide HBV vaccination coverage in Mauritania as well as the presence of protective levels of the antibodies against HBV surface antigen (HBsAb) following vaccination in a sample of children immunized as infants.
METHODS
To evaluate the frequency of fully vaccinated and seroprotected children in Mauritania, a prospective serological study was conducted in the capital. First, we evaluated the pediatric HBV vaccine coverage in Mauritania between 2015 and 2020. Then, we examined the level of antibodies against HBV surface antigen (HBsAb) in 185 fully vaccinated children (aged 9 months to 12 years) by ELISA using the VIDAS hepatitis panel for Minividas (Biomerieux). These vaccinated children were sampled in 2014 or 2021.
RESULTS
In Mauritania, between 2016 and 2019, more than 85% of children received the complete HBV vaccine regimen. While 93% of immunized children between 0 and 23 months displayed HBsAb titer >10 IU/L, the frequency of children with similar titers decreased to 63, 58 and 29% in children aged between 24-47, 48-59 and 60-144 months, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
A marked reduction in the frequency of HBsAb titer was observed with time, indicating that HBsAb titer usefulness as marker of protection is short lived and prompting the need for more accurate biomarkers predictive of long-term protection.
背景
乙肝病毒（HBV）疫苗在全球范围内被用作预防慢性HBV感染及后续肝病发生的有效工具。然而，尽管开展了数十年的疫苗接种运动，每年仍有数百万新感染病例被报告。在此，我们旨在评估毛里塔尼亚全国范围内的HBV疫苗接种覆盖率，以及在婴儿期接种疫苗的儿童样本中接种后针对HBV表面抗原（HBsAb）的抗体保护水平。
方法
为评估毛里塔尼亚完全接种疫苗和具有血清保护作用的儿童的频率，在首都进行了一项前瞻性血清学研究。首先，我们评估了2015年至2020年期间毛里塔尼亚的儿科HBV疫苗接种覆盖率。然后，我们使用VIDAS肝炎检测板（用于MiniVidas，生物梅里埃公司）通过ELISA检测了185名完全接种疫苗的儿童（年龄在9个月至12岁之间）针对HBV表面抗原（HBsAb）的抗体水平。这些接种疫苗的儿童于2014年或2021年进行采样。
结果
在毛里塔尼亚，2016年至2019年期间，超过85%的儿童接受了完整的HBV疫苗接种方案。虽然93%的0至23个月龄免疫儿童的HBsAb滴度>10 IU/L，但在24 - 47、48 - 59和60 - 144个月龄的儿童中，具有相似滴度的儿童频率分别降至63%、58%和29%。
结论
观察到HBsAb滴度频率随时间显著降低，这表明HBsAb滴度作为保护标志物的有效性是短暂的，这促使需要更准确的预测长期保护的生物标志物。
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