Gharibi Reza, Khavidaki Gholam-Ali Dashti
Department of ENT Disorder, AL-Zahra Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2022 Nov;11(11):6818-6822. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_878_22. Epub 2022 Dec 16.
Hearing loss is one of the major congenital problems. The frequency of this problem in different countries has been found to be 3.5-9%, which may induce negative effects on communications, education, and language learning in children. In addition, diagnosing this problem in infants is not possible without implementing the hearing screening methods. Therefore, the objective of this research was to assess the efficacy of newborn hearing screening programs in Zahedan, Iran.
In the present cross-sectional observational study, all infants born in the maternity hospitals of Zahedan city (hospitals of Nabi Akram, Imam Ali, and Social Security hospitals) in 2020, were assessed. For conducting the research, TEOAE was primarily performed for all newborns. Following that, according to the findings obtained in the ODA test and in case of inappropriate response, evaluation was performed again for the cases. Cases that were rejected again in the second assessment were subjected to the AABR test and in case of failure in this test, the cases underwent a diagnostic ABR test.
According to our findings, 7700 babies were initially assessed with the OAE test. Among them, 580 (8%) showed no OAE response. Out of 580 newborns that were rejected in the first phase, 76 babies were also rejected in the second phase and amongst them, 8 cases were re-diagnosed with hearing loss. Finally, out of 3 infants who were diagnosed with hearing impairments, 1 (33%) had conductive hearing loss and 2 (67%) had sensorineural hearing loss.
According to the results of this research, the use of comprehensive neonatal hearing screening programs is necessary for on-time diagnosis and therapy of hearing loss. In addition, screening programs could help improving the health of newborns and their personal, social, and educational development in the future.
听力损失是主要的先天性问题之一。不同国家该问题的发生率为3.5%-9%，这可能会对儿童的沟通、教育和语言学习产生负面影响。此外，不实施听力筛查方法就无法在婴儿期诊断出该问题。因此，本研究的目的是评估伊朗扎黑丹新生儿听力筛查项目的效果。
在本横断面观察性研究中，对2020年在扎黑丹市妇产医院（纳比·阿克拉姆医院、伊玛目·阿里医院和社会保障医院）出生的所有婴儿进行了评估。为开展研究，首先对所有新生儿进行了瞬态诱发耳声发射（TEOAE）检查。随后，根据畸变产物耳声发射（ODA）测试结果，若反应不适当，则对这些病例再次进行评估。在第二次评估中再次被拒的病例接受了自动听性脑干反应（AABR）测试，若该测试失败，则这些病例接受诊断性听性脑干反应（ABR）测试。
根据我们的研究结果，最初对7700名婴儿进行了耳声发射（OAE）测试。其中，580名（8%）未出现OAE反应。在第一阶段被拒的580名新生儿中，76名在第二阶段也被拒，其中8例被重新诊断为听力损失。最后，在3名被诊断为听力障碍的婴儿中，1名（33%）为传导性听力损失，2名（67%）为感音神经性听力损失。
根据本研究结果，使用全面的新生儿听力筛查项目对于及时诊断和治疗听力损失是必要的。此外，筛查项目有助于改善新生儿的健康状况以及他们未来的个人、社交和教育发展。
