Xie Hongsheng, Cao Yuan, Li Jiafeng, Lyu Yichen, Roberts Neil, Jia Zhiyun
Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.
Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
J Affect Disord. 2023 Jun 15;331:413-424. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.082. Epub 2023 Mar 28.
Childhood and adolescence are critical periods for the development of the brain. However, a limited number of studies have explored how air pollution may associate with affective symptoms in youth.
We performed a comprehensive review of the existing research on the associations between outdoor air pollution and affective disorders, suicidality, and the evidence for brain changes in youth. PRISMA guidelines were followed and PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and PsychINFO databases were searched from their inception to June 2022.
From 2123 search records, 28 papers were identified as being relevant for studying the association between air pollution and affective disorders (n = 14), suicide (n = 5), and neuroimaging-based evidence of brain alterations (n = 9). The exposure levels and neuropsychological performance measures were highly heterogeneous and confounders including traffic-related noise, indoor air pollution, and social stressors were not consistently considered. Notwithstanding, 10 out of the 14 papers provide evidence that air pollution is associated with increased risk of depression symptoms, and 4 out of 5 papers provide evidence that air pollution might trigger suicidal attempts and behaviors. Besides, 5 neuroimaging studies revealed decreased gray-matter volume in the Cortico-Striato-Thalamo-Cortical neurocircuitry, and two found white matter hyperintensities in the prefrontal lobe.
Outdoor air pollution is associated with increased risks of affective disorders and suicide in youth, and there is evidence for associated structural and functional brain abnormalities. Future studies should determine the specific effects of each air pollutant, the critical exposure levels, and population susceptibility.
儿童期和青春期是大脑发育的关键时期。然而，仅有少数研究探讨了空气污染与青少年情感症状之间的关联。
我们对现有的关于室外空气污染与情感障碍、自杀倾向以及青少年大脑变化证据之间关联的研究进行了全面综述。遵循PRISMA指南，检索了PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane图书馆和PsychINFO数据库，检索时间从各数据库创建至2022年6月。
从2123条检索记录中，确定了28篇论文与研究空气污染和情感障碍（n = 14）、自杀（n = 5）以及基于神经影像学的大脑改变证据（n = 9）相关。暴露水平和神经心理学表现测量具有高度异质性，且未始终考虑包括交通相关噪音、室内空气污染和社会压力源等混杂因素。尽管如此，14篇论文中有10篇提供了证据表明空气污染与抑郁症状风险增加有关，5篇论文中有4篇提供了证据表明空气污染可能引发自杀未遂和行为。此外，5项神经影像学研究显示皮质 - 纹状体 - 丘脑 - 皮质神经回路中的灰质体积减少，2项研究发现前额叶白质高信号。
室外空气污染与青少年情感障碍和自杀风险增加有关，且有证据表明存在相关的大脑结构和功能异常。未来的研究应确定每种空气污染物的具体影响、关键暴露水平和人群易感性。
