Steele K, Cox T
Int J Psychophysiol. 1986 Mar;3(4):237-52. doi: 10.1016/0167-8760(86)90033-4.
This paper explores the immediate psychological and physiological effects of aversive visual stimuli, represented as pictures of war, in a balanced mixed design (n = 24). The moderating effects of individual differences in locus of control and sex were examined, along with those of a requirement to report on the stimuli presented. The results indicated a fractionation of the autonomic response with electrodermal measures (EDA) and salivary function showing a sympathetic type response to war slides whilst measures of cardiac activity (heart rate and heart rate variability) tended to show increased parasympathetic activity over the response to neutral slides. Psychological measures showed an increase in self-reported stress, higher disturbance ratings and unprompted reports of various coping strategies (postexperimental interviews) in response to war slides. Additionally, self reported arousal and EDA's proved sensitive to the report requirement and cardiac activity appeared to be tied to individual differences in terms of locus of control. Although the physiological results could be taken as congruent with Hare's (1972) suggestion that 'morbid curiosity' accompanies the viewing of aversive stimuli, psychological measures tended to disconfirm this interpretation. The situational determinants of the cardiac response are discussed as a solution to the paradoxical cardiac response elicited with aversive visual stimuli, along with individual styles of coping with aversive situations which may be reflected in individual's locus of control.
本文采用平衡混合设计（n = 24），探究了以战争图片呈现的厌恶视觉刺激所产生的即时心理和生理影响。研究考察了控制点和性别的个体差异的调节作用，以及对所呈现刺激进行报告的要求的调节作用。结果表明，自主反应存在分化，皮肤电测量（EDA）和唾液功能显示出对战争幻灯片的交感型反应，而心脏活动测量（心率和心率变异性）在对中性幻灯片的反应中往往显示副交感神经活动增加。心理测量显示，在对战争幻灯片的反应中，自我报告的压力增加、干扰评分更高，并且在未经提示的情况下报告了各种应对策略（实验后访谈）。此外，自我报告的唤醒水平和皮肤电反应被证明对报告要求敏感，并且心脏活动似乎与控制点方面的个体差异有关。尽管生理结果可以被认为与黑尔（1972）的观点一致，即观看厌恶刺激会伴随着“病态好奇心”，但心理测量结果往往否定了这种解释。本文讨论了心脏反应的情境决定因素，作为对厌恶视觉刺激引发的矛盾心脏反应的一种解决方案，同时也讨论了个体应对厌恶情境的方式，这可能反映在个体的控制点上。
