Lumsden J, Howard R C, Fenton G W
Int J Psychophysiol. 1986 Mar;3(4):253-61. doi: 10.1016/0167-8760(86)90034-6.
Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) in anticipation of phobic and neutral slide material was recorded in Acquisition of a learned association between tone pitch and slide type, and in Extinction (following removal of slide presentation). In phobic volunteers, no clear CNV differentiation between 'phobic' and control condition was apparent in either Acquisition or Extinction. For Control subjects, a different pattern entirely has been demonstrated, with anticipation of the neutral condition giving rise to a larger CNV than anticipation of the 'phobic' condition (in Acquisition). In addition, Extinction led to a reversal of this CNV amplitude relationship, with the tone previously associated with the phobic slide producing a DC-shift which was larger than that following the tone previously paired with the neutral slide. The results are compatible with a dynamic model of CNV generation according to which CNV amplitude is positively related to an expectancy for reward or non-punishment but inversely related to an expectancy for punishment or non-reward.
在习得音调与幻灯片类型之间的关联以及消退阶段（幻灯片展示移除后），记录了预期恐惧和中性幻灯片材料时的关联性负变（CNV）。在恐惧志愿者中，无论是在习得阶段还是消退阶段，“恐惧”和对照条件之间均未出现明显的CNV差异。对于对照受试者，呈现出完全不同的模式，预期中性条件会比预期“恐惧”条件产生更大的CNV（在习得阶段）。此外，消退导致这种CNV振幅关系发生逆转，先前与恐惧幻灯片相关联的音调产生的直流偏移大于先前与中性幻灯片配对的音调之后产生的直流偏移。这些结果与CNV产生的动态模型相符，根据该模型，CNV振幅与奖励或非惩罚的预期呈正相关，但与惩罚或非奖励的预期呈负相关。
