Complex regulation of collagen gene expression in cultured bovine aortic smooth muscle cells.

Cultured bovine aortic smooth muscle cells display an increase in production of type I and type III collagen as a function of the number of days in second passage (Beldekas, J. C., Gerstenfeld, L. C., Sonenshein, G. E., and Franzblau, C. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 12552-12556). In this study, we report that the regulation of these events is highly complex and relates to the growth state of the cells. Cultures, seeded at 1.5 X 10(6) cells/75-cm2 flask, produced very little collagenous protein early when the cells were proliferating rapidly. As they approached confluence at day 6, collagen synthesis began to increase. Maximal collagen synthesis was observed at day 14. In contrast, the levels of the mRNAs for type I and type III collagen increased only up to the 10th day and thereafter decreased. Cell-free translation analyses indicated that the translational activity of the collagen mRNAs was increasing over the time course. These results suggest that both translational and pretranslational sites are involved in the control of collagen production by aortic smooth muscle cells, and that collagen synthesis is inversely related to the proliferative state of the cells in culture.