Departament Fisica de la Materia Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Instituto de Investigaciones en Matematicas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 01000 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
Soft Matter. 2023 Apr 26;19(16):2908-2918. doi: 10.1039/d2sm01167k.
The process of fission and vesicle formation depends on the geometry of the membrane that will split. For instance, a flat surface finds it difficult to form vesicles because of the lack of curved regions where to start the process. Here we show that vesicle formation can be promoted by temperature, by using a membrane phase field model with Gaussian curvature. We find a phase transition between fluctuating and vesiculation phases that depends on temperature, spontaneous curvature, and the ratio between bending and Gaussian moduli. We analysed the energy dynamical behaviour of these processes and found that the main driving ingredient is the Gaussian energy term, although the curvature energy term usually helps with the process as well. We also found that the chemical potential can be used to investigate the temperature of the system. Finally we address how temperature changes the condition for spontaneous vesiculation for all geometries, making it happen in a wider range of values of the Gaussian modulus.
裂变和囊泡形成的过程取决于将要分裂的膜的几何形状。例如，由于缺乏开始该过程的弯曲区域，平坦表面很难形成囊泡。在这里，我们通过使用具有高斯曲率的膜相场模型表明，温度可以促进囊泡的形成。我们发现，在温度、自发曲率以及弯曲和高斯模量比的作用下，在波动相与囊泡相之间存在相转变。我们分析了这些过程的能量动态行为，发现主要的驱动因素是高斯能量项，尽管曲率能量项通常也有助于该过程。我们还发现可以使用化学势来研究系统的温度。最后，我们研究了温度如何改变所有几何形状下自发囊泡形成的条件，从而使它在更广泛的高斯模量值范围内发生。
