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太空飞行会改变宇航员的反应时间和时长判断。

Spaceflight alters reaction time and duration judgment of astronauts.

作者信息

Kuldavletova Olga, Navarro Morales Deborah C, Quarck Gaëlle, Denise Pierre, Clément Gilles

机构信息

University of Caen Normandy, INSERM, COMETE U1075, CYCERON, CHU of Caen, Caen, France.

出版信息

Front Physiol. 2023 Mar 17;14:1141078. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1141078. eCollection 2023.

DOI:10.3389/fphys.2023.1141078
PMID:37007995
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10063900/
Abstract

We report a study on astronauts aimed at characterizing duration judgment before, during, and after long-duration stays on board the International Space Station. Ten astronauts and a control group of 15 healthy (non-astronaut) participants performed a duration reproduction task and a duration production task using a visual target duration ranging from 2 to 38 s. Participants also performed a reaction time test for assessing attention. Compared to control participants and preflight responses, the astronauts' reaction time increased during spaceflight. Also, during spaceflight, time intervals were under-produced while counting aloud and under-reproduced when there was a concurrent reading task. We hypothesize that time perception during spaceflight is altered by two mechanisms: (a) an acceleration of the internal clock through the changes in vestibular inputs in microgravity, and (b) difficulties in attention and working memory when a concurrent reading task is present. Prolonged isolation in confined areas, weightlessness, stress related to workload, and high-performance expectations could account for these cognitive impairments.

摘要

我们报告了一项针对宇航员的研究，旨在描述他们在国际空间站长期停留之前、期间和之后的时长判断情况。10名宇航员和一个由15名健康（非宇航员）参与者组成的对照组，使用2到38秒的视觉目标时长执行了时长再现任务和时长生成任务。参与者还进行了一项用于评估注意力的反应时间测试。与对照组参与者和飞行前的反应相比，宇航员在太空飞行期间的反应时间增加了。此外，在太空飞行期间，大声计数时时间间隔产生不足，同时进行阅读任务时时间间隔再现不足。我们假设太空飞行期间的时间感知通过两种机制发生改变：(a) 通过微重力下前庭输入的变化使内部时钟加速，以及(b) 存在并发阅读任务时注意力和工作记忆方面的困难。在受限区域的长期隔离、失重、与工作量相关的压力以及对高性能的期望可能是这些认知障碍的原因。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a32a/10063900/34bc20777933/fphys-14-1141078-g005.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a32a/10063900/34bc20777933/fphys-14-1141078-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a32a/10063900/06dd1424f0d3/fphys-14-1141078-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a32a/10063900/3d2bbe35da95/fphys-14-1141078-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a32a/10063900/32e423fec299/fphys-14-1141078-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a32a/10063900/46c66c3be242/fphys-14-1141078-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a32a/10063900/34bc20777933/fphys-14-1141078-g005.jpg

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3
Dynamic ensemble prediction of cognitive performance in spaceflight.航天飞行中认知表现的动态集成预测。
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Differential Functional Changes in Visual Performance during Acute Exposure to Microgravity Analogue and Their Potential Links with Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome.急性暴露于微重力模拟环境期间视觉性能的差异性功能变化及其与航天相关神经-眼综合征的潜在联系。
Diagnostics (Basel). 2024 Aug 30;14(17):1918. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics14171918.
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Sci Rep. 2022 Jun 30;12(1):11032. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-14456-8.
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