Liu Heng, Müller Peter E, Aszódi Attila, Klar Roland M
Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, The Fourth Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, China.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023 Mar 16;11:1140118. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1140118. eCollection 2023.
In the absence of clear molecular insight, the biological mechanism behind the use of growth factors applied in osteochondral regeneration is still unresolved. The present study aimed to resolve whether multiple growth factors applied to muscle tissue , such as TGF-β3, BMP-2 and Noggin, can lead to appropriate tissue morphogenesis with a specific osteochondrogenic nature, thereby revealing the underlying molecular interaction mechanisms during the differentiation process. Interestingly, although the results showed the typical modulatory effect of BMP-2 and TGF-β3 on the osteochondral process, and Noggin seemingly downregulated specific signals such as BMP-2 activity, we also discovered a synergistic effect between TGF-β3 and Noggin that positively influenced tissue morphogenesis. Noggin was observed to upregulate BMP-2 and OCN at specific time windows of culture in the presence of TGF-β3, suggesting a temporal time switch causing functional changes in the signaling protein. This implies that signals change their functions throughout the process of new tissue formation, which may depend on the presence or absence of specific singular or multiple signaling cues. If this is the case, the signaling cascade is far more intricate and complex than originally believed, warranting intensive future investigations so that regenerative therapies of a critical clinical nature can function properly.
在缺乏清晰分子见解的情况下,应用于骨软骨再生的生长因子背后的生物学机制仍未得到解决。本研究旨在确定应用于肌肉组织的多种生长因子,如转化生长因子-β3(TGF-β3)、骨形态发生蛋白-2(BMP-2)和头蛋白(Noggin),是否能导致具有特定骨软骨生成性质的适当组织形态发生,从而揭示分化过程中潜在的分子相互作用机制。有趣的是,尽管结果显示BMP-2和TGF-β3对骨软骨过程具有典型的调节作用,且Noggin似乎下调了诸如BMP-2活性等特定信号,但我们还发现TGF-β3和Noggin之间存在协同效应,对组织形态发生产生了积极影响。在TGF-β3存在的情况下,观察到Noggin在培养的特定时间窗口上调BMP-2和骨钙素(OCN),这表明存在一个导致信号蛋白功能变化的时间开关。这意味着信号在新组织形成过程中会改变其功能,这可能取决于特定单一或多个信号线索的存在与否。如果是这样,信号级联比最初认为的要复杂得多,需要未来进行深入研究,以便关键临床性质的再生疗法能够正常发挥作用。
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