Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (IPP), Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany.
Fusion for Energy (F4E), C/ Josep Pla 2, Torres Diagonal Litoral B3, 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
Rev Sci Instrum. 2023 Mar 1;94(3):033503. doi: 10.1063/5.0134449.
For over 10 years, several bolometer sensors with different properties have been tested in the IBOVAC facility. The aim has been to develop a bolometer sensor that can be operated in ITER and can withstand harsh operating conditions. For this purpose, important physical properties of the sensors, i.e., cooling time constant τ, normalized heat capacity κ, and normalized sensitivity s, have been characterized in a vacuum condition and at various temperatures up to 300 °C. The calibration is achieved by ohmic heating of the sensor absorbers by applying a DC voltage and recording exponential current fall during heating. Recently, a Python program was developed to analyze the data and extract the above mentioned parameters including the uncertainties from recorded currents. In the present series of experiments, the latest prototype sensors developed for ITER are tested and evaluated. These include three different sensor types: two with Au absorbers on ZrO membranes (self-supporting substrate sensors) and one with Au absorbers on SiN membranes supported by a Si frame (supported membrane sensors). Tests revealed that the sensor with ZrO substrate can only be operated up to 150 °C, while the supported membrane sensors passed the tests up to 300 °C successfully. These results will be used, together with other upcoming tests, such as irradiation testing, to select the most suitable sensors to be employed in ITER.
十年来，IBOVAC 设施已经测试了多种具有不同特性的测辐射热计传感器。目的是开发一种可以在 ITER 中运行且能承受恶劣工作条件的测辐射热计传感器。为此，已经在真空条件下和高达 300°C 的各种温度下对传感器的重要物理特性进行了表征，例如冷却时间常数 τ、归一化热容 κ 和归一化灵敏度 s。校准是通过对传感器吸收体施加直流电压并记录加热过程中的指数电流下降来实现的。最近，开发了一个 Python 程序来分析数据并从记录的电流中提取上述参数，包括不确定度。在本系列实验中，对为 ITER 开发的最新原型传感器进行了测试和评估。这些传感器包括三种不同的类型：两种具有 ZrO 膜上的 Au 吸收器（自支撑基底传感器）和一种具有 SiN 膜上的 Au 吸收器的 Si 框架支撑的膜传感器（支撑膜传感器）。测试表明，具有 ZrO 基底的传感器只能在 150°C 以下运行，而支撑膜传感器成功地通过了 300°C 的测试。这些结果将与即将进行的其他测试（例如辐照测试）一起使用，以选择最适合在 ITER 中使用的传感器。
