Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India.
Mol Cell Biochem. 2023 Dec;478(12):2875-2890. doi: 10.1007/s11010-023-04704-4. Epub 2023 Apr 4.
Cancer has become a huge public health issue all around the world. The focus of research is on innovative cancer therapy techniques that include the disease's unique targets. Among the cancer-related deaths that occur, lung cancer is considered to be one of the major, accounting for about 1.6 million fatalities globally in 2012, or nearly 20% of all cancer deaths. Non-small-cell lung cancer, a type of lung cancer comprises upto 84% of lung cancer cases, demonstrating the need for a more effective treatment. A novel category of cancer management, known as targeted cancer medicines, has risen to prominence in recent years. Targeted cancer treatments, like traditional chemotherapy, employ pharmacological drugs to slow cancer development, enhance cell death, and prevent it from spreading. Targeted treatments, as the name implies, work by interfering with particular proteins implicated in cancer. Numerous research conducted in the last several decades have led to the conclusion that signalling pathways are involved in the growth of lung cancer. All malignant tumours are produced, spread, invade, and behave in various abnormal ways due to abnormal pathways. Numerous significant signalling pathways, including the RTK/RAS/MAP-Kinase pathway (hence often referred to as RTK-RAS for simplicity), PI3K/Akt signalling, and others, have been discovered as commonly genetically changed. The current developments in research on various signalling pathways, as well as the underlying mechanisms of the molecules implicated in these pathways, are innovatively summarised in this review. To give a good sense of the study that has been done so far, many routes are placed together. Thus, this review includes the detailed description regarding each pathways, the mutations formed, and the present treatment strategy to overcome the resistance.
癌症已成为全球范围内一个巨大的公共卫生问题。研究的重点是创新的癌症治疗技术，包括针对该疾病的独特靶点。在癌症相关死亡中，肺癌被认为是主要原因之一，2012 年全球约有 160 万人因此死亡，占所有癌症死亡人数的近 20%。非小细胞肺癌是肺癌的一种类型，占肺癌病例的 84%左右，这表明需要更有效的治疗方法。近年来，一种新型的癌症管理方法，即靶向癌症药物治疗，已成为研究热点。靶向癌症治疗与传统化疗一样，使用药物来减缓癌症发展、增强细胞死亡并阻止其扩散。顾名思义，靶向治疗通过干扰与癌症相关的特定蛋白质来发挥作用。过去几十年的大量研究得出结论，信号通路参与了肺癌的生长。所有恶性肿瘤的产生、扩散、侵袭和各种异常行为都是由于异常通路所致。已经发现许多重要的信号通路，包括 RTK/RAS/MAP-Kinase 通路（因此通常简称为 RTK-RAS）、PI3K/Akt 信号通路等，这些通路通常会发生遗传改变。本文创新性地总结了目前各种信号通路的研究进展以及这些通路中涉及的分子的潜在机制。为了更好地了解迄今为止的研究情况，许多途径被放在一起。因此，本文包括了每个通路的详细描述、形成的突变以及目前克服耐药性的治疗策略。
