Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Nord B4-B5, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
Nat Commun. 2023 Apr 4;14(1):1868. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-37207-3.
Raising the temperature of a material enhances the thermal motion of particles. Such an increase in thermal energy commonly leads to the melting of a solid into a fluid and eventually vaporises the liquid into a gaseous phase of matter. Here, we study the finite-temperature physics of dipolar quantum fluids and find surprising deviations from this general phenomenology. In particular, we describe how heating a dipolar superfluid from near-zero temperatures can induce a phase transition to a supersolid state with a broken translational symmetry. We discuss the observation of this effect in experiments on ultracold dysprosium atoms, which opens the door for exploring the unusual thermodynamics of dipolar quantum fluids.
升高物质的温度会增强粒子的热运动。这种热能的增加通常会导致固体熔化成液体，最终将液体蒸发成物质的气相。在这里，我们研究了偶极量子流体的有限温度物理学，发现了与这一普遍现象学的惊人偏差。特别是，我们描述了如何在近零温度下加热偶极超流体，从而诱导出具有破缺平移对称性的超固态相变。我们讨论了在对超冷镝原子的实验中观察到这一效应的可能性，这为探索偶极量子流体的不寻常热力学开辟了道路。
