Current developments and perspectives in psoriasis.

The study of psoriasis has yielded fundamental new insights into immunologic regulation and innovative therapies in a way that few other diseases have. In this review, we summarize the main features of current psoriasis research with emphasis on pathophysiological processes and the milestones in the approval of various biologics and small molecule drugs. Thus, through psoriasis research, we are gaining a better understanding of the interplay between the components of the innate and adaptive immune systems. New therapeutics interfere with crucial regulatory networks. Based on current knowledge, we outline what we believe to be some of the most important future research directions and therapeutic and clinical developments in psoriasis. These span multiple areas, ranging from the study of genetic, epigenetic, cellular, and immunological mechanisms to studies of particular clinical forms of psoriasis, individual systemic effects of the disease and its treatment, and the incorporation of large connected data sets and artificial intelligence. The goal is to understand psoriasis holistically, from the molecular to the organismic and societal levels, in order to develop individualized prevention and treatment strategies. Despite impressive progress, psoriasis research must continue to evolve at both the smallest and largest scales to comprehensively address the needs of both physicians and patients.