Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
J Econ Entomol. 2023 Apr 24;116(2):269-274. doi: 10.1093/jee/toad054.
Crops genetically engineered to produce insect-killing proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have revolutionized management of some major pests, but their efficacy is reduced when pests evolve resistance. Practical resistance, which is field-evolved resistance that reduces the efficacy of Bt crops and has practical implications for pest management, has been reported in 26 cases in seven countries involving 11 pest species. This special collection includes six original papers that present a global perspective on field-evolved resistance to Bt crops. One is a synthetic review providing a comprehensive global summary of the status of the resistance or susceptibility to Bt crops of 24 pest species in 12 countries. Another evaluates the inheritance and fitness costs of resistance of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera to Gpp34/Tpp35Ab (formerly called Cry34/35Ab). Two papers describe and demonstrate advances in techniques for monitoring field-evolved resistance. One uses a modified F2 screen for resistance to Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in Helicoverpa zea in the United States. The other uses genomics to analyze nonrecessive resistance to Cry1Ac in Helicoverpa armigera in China. Two papers provide multi-year monitoring data for resistance to Bt corn in Spain and Canada, respectively. The monitoring data from Spain evaluate responses to Cry1Ab of the corn borers Sesamia nonagrioides and Ostrinia nubilalis, whereas the data from Canada track responses of O. nubilalis to Cry1Ab, Cry1Fa, Cry1A.105, and Cry2Ab. We hope the new methods, results, and conclusions reported here will spur additional research and help to enhance the sustainability of current and future transgenic insecticidal crops.
经过基因工程改造、能够产生苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫蛋白的作物彻底改变了一些主要害虫的防治方式，但当害虫产生抗药性时，它们的效果就会降低。在 7 个国家的 11 种害虫中，已经报道了 26 种实际发生的抗性案例，这种抗性降低了 Bt 作物的效果，对害虫防治具有实际意义。本特刊包含 6 篇原始研究论文，从全球视角介绍了田间 Bt 作物抗药性的情况。其中一篇是综合综述，全面总结了 12 个国家的 24 种害虫对 Bt 作物的抗性或敏感性现状。另一篇评估了 Diabrotica virgifera virgifera 对 Gpp34/Tpp35Ab（原称 Cry34/35Ab）的抗性的遗传和适合度代价。另外两篇论文描述并展示了监测田间抗药性进展的技术。一篇使用改良的 F2 筛选法在美国监测了对 Cry1Ac 和 Cry2Ab 的抗性；另一篇使用基因组学分析了在中国对 Cry1Ac 的非隐性抗性。两篇论文分别提供了西班牙和加拿大田间监测 Bt 玉米抗性的多年数据。西班牙的监测数据评估了玉米螟和欧洲玉米螟对 Cry1Ab 的反应，而加拿大的数据则追踪了欧洲玉米螟对 Cry1Ab、Cry1Fa、Cry1A.105 和 Cry2Ab 的反应。我们希望这里报告的新方法、结果和结论将激发更多的研究，并有助于提高当前和未来转基因杀虫作物的可持续性。
