Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
Center for Infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Prevention Research: CEPiR, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
Sci Rep. 2023 Apr 5;13(1):5556. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-32851-7.
Diet is the primary factor affecting host nutrition and metabolism, with excess food intake, especially high-calorie diets, such as high-fat and high-sugar diets, causing an increased risk of obesity and related disorders. Obesity alters the gut microbial composition and reduces microbial diversity and causes changes in specific bacterial taxa. Dietary lipids can alter the gut microbial composition in obese mice. However, the regulation of gut microbiota and host energy homeostasis by different polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in dietary lipids remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that different PUFAs in dietary lipids improved host metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice. The intake of the different PUFA-enriched dietary lipids improved metabolism in HFD-induced obesity by regulating glucose tolerance and inhibiting colonic inflammation. Moreover, the gut microbial compositions were different among HFD and modified PUFA-enriched HFD-fed mice. Thus, we have identified a new mechanism underlying the function of different PUFAs in dietary lipids in regulating host energy homeostasis in obese conditions. Our findings shed light on the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders by targeting the gut microbiota.
饮食是影响宿主营养和代谢的主要因素，食物摄入过多，尤其是高热量饮食，如高脂肪和高糖饮食，会增加肥胖和相关疾病的风险。肥胖会改变肠道微生物组成，降低微生物多样性，并导致特定细菌分类群的变化。膳食脂质可以改变肥胖小鼠的肠道微生物组成。然而，膳食脂质中不同多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA) 对肠道微生物群和宿主能量平衡的调节仍不清楚。在这里，我们证明了膳食脂质中的不同 PUFAs 可以改善高脂肪饮食 (HFD) 诱导肥胖小鼠的宿主代谢。不同 PUFA 富集膳食脂质的摄入通过调节葡萄糖耐量和抑制结肠炎症来改善 HFD 诱导肥胖的代谢。此外，HFD 和改良 PUFA 富集 HFD 喂养小鼠的肠道微生物组成存在差异。因此，我们确定了膳食脂质中不同 PUFAs 调节肥胖状态下宿主能量平衡的新机制。我们的研究结果为通过靶向肠道微生物群预防和治疗代谢紊乱提供了新的思路。
