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来自北美洲东北部的一个新物种:Slug mycophagy 有助于研究子囊孢子的电子显微镜观察。

, a new species from northeastern North America: Slug mycophagy aides in electron microscopy of ascospores.

机构信息

Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824.

Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822.

出版信息

Mycologia. 2023 May-Jun;115(3):340-356. doi: 10.1080/00275514.2023.2184983. Epub 2023 Apr 6.

Abstract

Species in the genus are ascomycetous fungi that produce hypogeous fruiting bodies commonly called truffles. These fungi are ecologically relevant owing to the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis they establish with plants. One of the most speciose lineages within is the Rufum clade, which is widely distributed throughout Asia, Europe, and North America and is estimated to include more than 43 species. Most species in this clade have spiny spores, and many still have not been formally described. Here, we describe based on multigene phylogenetic analysis and its unique morphological characters. (previously designated in literature as sp. 69) has been collected throughout the Midwest, USA, and Quebec, Canada, and is an ectomycorrhizal symbiont of trees, as confirmed through morphological and molecular analyses of root tips presented here. We also present a novel method for preparing ascospores for scanning electron microscope imaging that includes feeding, digestion, and spore excretion by the slug . Following this method, spores become free from ascus and other mycelial debris that could obscure morphological traits during their passage through the snail gut while maintaining ornamentation. Finally, we report the fatty acid analysis, a fungicolous species association, and we provide an updated taxonomic key of the Rufum clade.

摘要

属于子囊菌门的真菌,产生地下果实,通常称为块菌。这些真菌由于与植物建立外生菌根共生关系而具有生态相关性。是最具物种多样性的谱系之一,广泛分布于亚洲、欧洲和北美洲,估计包含超过 43 个物种。该谱系中的大多数物种具有多刺的孢子,其中许多仍未被正式描述。在这里,我们根据多基因系统发育分析及其独特的形态特征描述了。(以前在文献中指定为 69 种)已在美国中西部和加拿大魁北克各地收集,并通过对本文中呈现的根尖的形态和分子分析证实,它是树木的外生菌根共生体。我们还提出了一种用于准备扫描电子显微镜成像的孢子的新方法,包括通过食用、消化和排泄来释放孢子。使用这种方法,孢子可以在通过蜗牛肠道时从子囊和其他菌丝体碎片中释放出来,而不会掩盖形态特征,同时保持装饰性。最后,我们报告了脂肪酸分析、真菌共生种协会,并提供了一个更新的 Rufum 谱系分类学关键。

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