Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2023 Jun;80:102035. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102035. Epub 2023 Apr 5.
Transposable elements (TEs) such as endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) occupy nearly half of typical mammalian genomes. Previous studies show that these parasitic elements, especially LINEs and ERVs, provide important activities promoting host germ cell and placental development, preimplantation embryogenesis, and maintenance of pluripotent stem cells. Despite being the most numerically abundant type of TEs in the genome, the consequences of SINEs on host genome regulation are less well characterized than those of ERVs and LINEs. Interestingly, recent findings reveal that SINEs recruit the key architectural protein CTCF (CCCTC-binding factor), indicating a role of these elements for 3D genome regulation. Higher-order nuclear structures are linked with important cellular functions such as gene regulation and DNA replication. SINEs and other TEs, therefore, may mediate distinct physiological processes with benefits to the host by modulating the 3D genome.
转座元件（TEs），如内源性逆转录病毒（ERVs）、长散布核元件（LINEs）和短散布核元件（SINEs），占据了典型哺乳动物基因组的近一半。先前的研究表明，这些寄生元件，特别是 LINEs 和 ERVs，提供了重要的活动，促进了宿主生殖细胞和胎盘的发育、着床前胚胎发生以及多能干细胞的维持。尽管 SINEs 是基因组中数量最多的 TE 类型，但它们对宿主基因组调控的影响还不如 ERVs 和 LINEs 那么清楚。有趣的是，最近的发现揭示了 SINEs 招募关键的结构蛋白 CTCF（CCCTC 结合因子），表明这些元件在 3D 基因组调控中具有作用。更高阶的核结构与重要的细胞功能相关，如基因调控和 DNA 复制。因此，SINEs 和其他 TE 可能通过调节 3D 基因组，以有利于宿主的方式，介导不同的生理过程。
