CIRAIG, Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnique Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada.
USC 1422 GRAPPE, École Supérieure d'Agricultures (ESA)-INRAE, Angers, France.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Jul 1;880:163288. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163288. Epub 2023 Apr 5.
Viticulture needs to satisfy consumers' demands for environmentally sound grape and wine production while envisaging adaptation options to diminish the impacts of projected climate change on future productivity. However, the impact of climate change and the adoption of adaptation levers on the environmental impacts of future viticulture have not been assessed. This study evaluates the environmental performance of grape production in two French vineyards, one located in the Loire Valley and another in Languedoc-Roussillon, under two climate change scenarios. First, the effect of climate-induced yield change on the environmental impacts of future viticulture was assessed based on grape yield and climate data sets. Second, besides the climate-induced yield change, this study accounted for the impacts of extreme weather events on grape yield and the implementation of adaptation levers based on the future probability and potential yield loss due to extreme events. The life cycle assessment (LCA) results associated with climate-induced yield change led to opposite conclusions for the two vineyards of the case study. While the carbon footprint of the vineyard from Languedoc-Roussillon is projected to increase by 29 % by the end of the century under the high emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), the corresponding footprint is projected to decrease in the vineyard from the Loire Valley by approximately 10 %. However, when including the effect of extreme events and adaptation options, the life cycle environmental impacts of grape production are projected to drastically increase for both vineyards. For instance, under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, the carbon footprint for the vineyard of Languedoc-Roussillon is projected to increase fourfold compared to the current footprint, while it will rise threefold for the vineyard from the Loire Valley. The obtained LCA results emphasized the need to account for the impact of both climate change and extreme events on grape production under future climate change scenarios.
葡萄栽培需要满足消费者对环境友好型葡萄和葡萄酒生产的需求，同时设想适应选择方案以减少预计气候变化对未来生产力的影响。然而，气候变化的影响以及适应手段的采用对未来葡萄栽培的环境影响尚未得到评估。本研究在两个法国葡萄园（一个位于卢瓦尔河谷，另一个位于朗格多克-鲁西永）中，根据两个气候变化情景评估了葡萄生产的环境绩效。首先，根据葡萄产量和气候数据集评估了气候引起的产量变化对未来葡萄栽培环境影响。其次，除了气候引起的产量变化之外，本研究还考虑了极端天气事件对葡萄产量的影响，以及基于未来由于极端事件导致的潜在产量损失的适应手段的实施。与气候引起的产量变化相关的生命周期评估（LCA）结果对案例研究中的两个葡萄园得出了相反的结论。在高排放情景（SSP5-8.5）下，到本世纪末，朗格多克-鲁西永葡萄园的碳足迹预计将增加 29%，而卢瓦尔河谷葡萄园的相应足迹预计将减少约 10%。然而，当包括极端事件和适应选项的影响时，葡萄生产的生命周期环境影响预计将在两个葡萄园急剧增加。例如，在 SSP5-8.5 情景下，与当前足迹相比，朗格多克-鲁西永葡萄园的碳足迹预计将增加四倍，而卢瓦尔河谷葡萄园的碳足迹将增加三倍。获得的 LCA 结果强调需要在未来气候变化情景下考虑气候变化和极端事件对葡萄生产的影响。
