SGLT2 inhibitors and autophagy in diabetes.

Autophagy is a physiological event in mammalian cells to promote cell survival and efficiency in tissues, but it may turn to be a pathological process in disease conditions such as in diabetes. Chronic hyperglycemia induces aberrant autophagy and promotes cellular death as a main underlying cause of diabetes-related complications. Therefore, autophagy-modifying therapy may be of value to prevent the development of complications. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are a class of newly introduced antidiabetic drugs that achieve normoglycemia through causing overt glycosuria. There is evidence that these drugs may have pleiotropic extra-glycemic benefits, but their effect on the autophagy process is unclear; therefore, this review was undertaken to clarify the possible effects of SGLT2is on autophagy.