Kang Mengxue, Norman Madison, Becker Alexa, Zhou Wenzhe, Wang Tingtao, Xuan Siyuan, Glass Arnold
Rutgers University, 152 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2023 May;85(4):1179-1198. doi: 10.3758/s13414-023-02702-8. Epub 2023 Apr 10.
This study investigated whether two different neural systems influenced performance in an immediate visual recognition, i.e. visual same/different task. An observer had to respond rapidly whether a test consonant had just appeared in the study string by pressing one of two response keys, labeled same and different. When the same response was assigned to the response key on the right, there was no effect of study-string position on target response time (RT), indicating that the test item was not compared with the study string. When the different response was assigned to the response key on the right, same RT was an increasing function of the left-to-right position of a target in the study string and different RT was slower than same RT, indicating that during test the study string was compared with the test item. Functional magnetic resonance imaging confirmed that the caudate and left hippocampus were more active when the different response was assigned to the right key but the right hippocampus was more active when the same response was assigned to the right key. Therefore, two different computational processes are performed by two different brain systems depending on whether the same or different response is assigned to the right response key.
本研究调查了两种不同的神经系统是否会影响即时视觉识别（即视觉相同/不同任务）中的表现。观察者必须通过按下两个分别标记为相同和不同的响应键之一，快速回答测试辅音是否刚刚出现在学习字符串中。当将相同响应分配给右侧的响应键时，学习字符串位置对目标反应时间（RT）没有影响，这表明测试项目未与学习字符串进行比较。当将不同响应分配给右侧的响应键时，相同反应时间是目标在学习字符串中从左到右位置的递增函数，并且不同反应时间比相同反应时间慢，这表明在测试期间学习字符串与测试项目进行了比较。功能磁共振成像证实，当将不同响应分配给右键时，尾状核和左海马更活跃，但当将相同响应分配给右键时，右海马更活跃。因此，根据右侧响应键分配的是相同还是不同响应，两种不同的大脑系统会执行两种不同的计算过程。
