Zhuo Hai-Hua, Lou Bao-Feng, Xu Jie, Chen Jie, Chen Jie, Lan Xiu-Wei, Fan Wen-Zhong, Ouyang Xue-Jiao, Lan Jing
Yangtze River Basin Ecological Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center, Yangtze River Basin Ecological Environment Supervision and Administration Bureau, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430010, China.
Changjiang River Water Resources Commission, Wuhan 430010, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2023 Apr 8;44(4):2022-2031. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202205035.
Hanjiang River is closely related to the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, the Water Diversion Project from the Hanjiang River to the Wei River, and the Water Diversion Project in Northern Hubei. The Wuhan Hanjiang River water source is one of the important drinking water sources in China; its water quality safety is significant to living and production for millions of residents in Wuhan. Based on data from 2004 to 2021, the water quality variation trend and risk of Wuhan Hanjiang River water source were studied. The results showed that a certain gap existed between the concentrations of some pollutants such as total phosphorus, permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen, and correspondent water quality target, especially for the total phosphorus. The growth of algae in the water source was marginally limited by the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon. When other factors remained unchanged, diatoms tended to grow rapidly when the water temperature was appropriate (6-12℃). The quality of water upstream had a great impact on the water quality of the Hanjiang water source. There may have been pollutants entering into the reach during the West Lake Water Plant and Zongguan Water Plant. There were differences in the temporal and spatial variation trend of concentrations between permanganate index, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and ammonia nitrogen. Significant changes in the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body will affect the population structure and quantity of planktonic algae and ultimately affect the safety of water quality. The water body in the water source area was generally in the state of medium nutrition to mild eutrophication, and middle eutrophication may have occurred in a few periods. In recent years, the nutritional level of the water source has been on the decline. It is necessary to make an in-depth investigation on the source, quantity, and change trend of pollutants in water sources in order to eliminate potential risks.
汉江与南水北调中线工程、引汉济渭工程、鄂北地区水资源配置工程密切相关。武汉汉江水源地是我国重要的饮用水水源地之一；其水质安全对武汉数百万居民的生活和生产意义重大。基于2004年至2021年的数据，对武汉汉江水源地水质变化趋势及风险进行了研究。结果表明，总磷、高锰酸盐指数、氨氮等部分污染物浓度与相应水质目标存在一定差距，尤其是总磷。水源地水体中藻类生长受到氮、磷、硅浓度的一定限制。在其他因素不变的情况下，水温适宜（6-12℃）时硅藻往往生长迅速。上游水质对汉江水源地水质影响较大。在西湖水厂和宗关水厂取水期间，可能有污染物进入该河段。高锰酸盐指数、总氮、总磷和氨氮浓度的时空变化趋势存在差异。水体中氮磷比例的显著变化会影响浮游藻类的种群结构和数量，最终影响水质安全。水源地水体总体处于中营养至轻度富营养状态，个别时段可能出现中度富营养化。近年来，水源地营养水平呈下降趋势。有必要对水源地污染物来源、数量及变化趋势进行深入调查，以消除潜在风险。
