Czech Geological Survey, Geologicka 6, Prague 5, Czech Republic.
Czech Geological Survey, Geologicka 6, Prague 5, Czech Republic.
Environ Pollut. 2023 Jul 1;328:121609. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121609. Epub 2023 Apr 10.
Transect sampling is an under-exploited tool in isotope studies of atmospheric pollution. Few studies have combined Zn and Pb isotope ratios to investigate whether atmospheric pollution at a receptor site is dominated by a different anthropogenic source of each of these toxic elements. It has been also unclear whether pollution abatement strategies in Central Europe have already resulted in regionally well-mixed background isotope signature of atmospheric Zn and Pb. Zinc and lead isotope ratios were determined in snow collected along a rural transect downwind from the Upper Silesian industrial area (southern Poland). Spatial and temporal gradients in δZn and Pb/Pb ratios at four sites were compared with those of ore and coal collected in eight Czech and Polish mining districts situated at distances of up to 500 km. Snow pollution was extremely high 8 km from Olkusz in 2011 (1670 μg Zn L; 240 μg Pb L), sharply decreased between 2011 and 2018, and remained low in 2019-2021. Snow pollution was lower at sites situated 28-68 km from Olkusz. Across study sites, mean δZn and Pb/Pb ratios of snow were -0.13‰ and 1.155, respectively. With an increasing distance from Olkusz, the δZn values first increased and then decreased, while the Pb/Pb ratios first decreased and then increased. The δZn values in snow plotted closer to those of Upper Silesian ores (-0.20‰) than to the δZn values of Upper Silesian stone coal (0.52‰), showing predominance of smelter-derived over power-plant derived Zn pollution. The Pb/Pb ratios of Upper Silesian coal (1.171) and Upper Silesian ores (1.180) were higher compared to those of snow. APb/Pb vs.Pb/Pb plot identified legacy pollution from leaded gasoline as the low-radiogenic mixing end-member. Across the transect sites, only the last sampling campaign exhibited a high degree of isotope homogenization for both Zn and Pb.
穿透采样在大气污染的同位素研究中是一种未充分利用的工具。很少有研究将 Zn 和 Pb 同位素比值结合起来，以调查受体点的大气污染是否主要由这两种有毒元素的不同人为源造成。也不清楚中欧的污染减排策略是否已经导致大气 Zn 和 Pb 的背景同位素特征在区域上得到很好的混合。沿从上西里西亚工业区（波兰南部）下风方向的农村穿透采样收集的雪样中测定了 Zn 和 Pb 同位素比值。在四个采样点比较了 δZn 和 Pb/Pb 比值的时空梯度与在距离可达 500 公里的八个捷克和波兰矿区采集的矿石和煤的比值。2011 年在距离奥尔斯卡 8 公里处的雪污染极高（1670μg Zn L；240μg Pb L），2011 年至 2018 年急剧下降，2019 年至 2021 年仍保持较低水平。距离奥尔斯卡 28-68 公里处的采样点雪污染较低。在整个研究地点，雪样的平均 δZn 和 Pb/Pb 比值分别为-0.13‰和 1.155。随着距离奥尔斯卡的增加，δZn 值先增加后减少，而 Pb/Pb 比值先减少后增加。雪样中的 δZn 值更接近上西里西亚矿石（-0.20‰），而不是上西里西亚石煤（0.52‰）的 δZn 值，表明冶炼厂衍生的 Zn 污染比发电厂衍生的 Zn 污染更为普遍。上西里西亚煤（1.171）和上西里西亚矿石（1.180）的 Pb/Pb 比值高于雪样。APb/Pb 与 Pb/Pb 图确定了来自含铅汽油的遗留污染为低放射性混合端元。在整个穿透采样点，只有最后一次采样活动表现出 Zn 和 Pb 的同位素高度均匀化。
