THE GENUS PLACOSPONGIA (DEMOSPONGIAE: CLIONAIDA) FROM THE COLOMBIAN CARIBBEAN.

The genus Placospongia Gray, 1867 is a group of sponges widely distributed in the world. It currently has 11 valid species, where five of those, Placospongia caribica Rützler et al., 2014, P. cristata Boury-Esnault, 1973, P. intermedia Sollas, 1888, P. ruetzleri van Soest, 2017 and P. giseleae Mácola & Menegola, 2021, are distributed in the Central Western Atlantic. The Colombian Caribbean has the records of P. intermedia and P. ruetzleri. In this research, the taxonomy of the genus Placospongia in Colombia was reviewed, describing four species, two of which are new to science: P. colombiensis sp. nov. and P. soesti sp. nov.; and P. cristata is a new record for the Colombian Caribbean. Therefore, the number of species of the genus is expanded to 13 for the world, to eight for the Western Atlantic, and to five for Colombia, ranking it as the country with the most species of the genus for the Western Atlantic. Some of the misassigned records for Indo‒Pacific species are relocated to species present in the Caribbean. Finally, a taxonomic key is given to identify the species of the Caribbean Sea.