Vörös Judit, Wassens Skye, Price Luke, Hunter David, Myers Steven, Armstrong Kyle, Mahony Michael J, Donnellan Stephen
1Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum H-1088 Budapest, Baross u. 13, Hungary .
2School of Agriculture, Environment and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, PO Box 789, Albury, 2640, Australia..
Zootaxa. 2023 Jan 11;5228(1):1-43. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.5228.1.1.
In south-eastern Australia, the pelodryadid Litoria aurea Group (sensu Tyler & Davies 1978) comprises three species: Litoria aurea (Lesson, 1829), Litoria raniformis (Keferstein, 1867), and Litoria castanea (Steindachner, 1867). All three species have been subject to declines over recent decades and taxonomic uncertainty persists among populations on the tablelands in New South Wales. We address the systematics of the Group by analysing mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences to assess divergence in the Litoria raniformis from across its current range in New South Wales (NSW), Victoria, South Australia (SA) and Tasmania. We also included samples of Litoria castanea from a recently rediscovered population in the southern tablelands of NSW. Our phylogenetic and population genetic analyses show that Litoria raniformis comprises northern and southern lineages, showing deep mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence (7% net average sequence divergence) and can be diagnosed by fixed allelic differences at more than 4,000 SNP loci. Samples of the northern lineage were collected from the Murray-Darling Basin while those of the southern lineage were collected from south-eastern South Australia, southern and south-eastern Victoria and Tasmania. Analysis of the morphology and bioacoustics did not unequivocally delineate the two lineages. The presence of a hybrid backcross individual in western Victoria at the northern margin of the southern lineage, leads us to assign sub-species status to the two lineages, L. r. raniformis for the northern lineage and L. r. major for the southern lineage. Our data do not unequivocally resolve the taxonomic status of L. castanea which will require molecular genetic analyses of museum vouchers from those parts of the range where L. castanea and L. raniformis are no longer extant. Our data also suggest that human mediated movement of frogs may have occurred over the past 50 years. Our genotyping of vouchers collected in the 1970s from the Mount Lofty Ranges in South Australia detected mitochondrial haplotypes of both sub-species and SNP analysis showed that a single Tasmanian specimen was a backcross with L. r. raniformis ancestry. Movement of L. r. raniformis into Tasmania and both sub-species into the Mount Lofty Ranges are not likely due to passive movements of animals through agricultural commerce, but due to the attractiveness of the species as pets and subsequent escapes or releases, potentially of the larval life stage.
在澳大利亚东南部，姬蛙科的绿金雨滨蛙种群（按照泰勒和戴维斯1978年的分类）包含三个物种：绿金雨滨蛙（Lesson，1829年）、阔口雨滨蛙（Keferstein，1867年）和栗色雨滨蛙（Steindachner，1867年）。近几十年来，这三个物种的数量均有所下降，新南威尔士州高原地区的种群在分类上仍存在不确定性。我们通过分析线粒体和核DNA序列来研究该种群的系统发育，以评估阔口雨滨蛙在新南威尔士州（NSW）、维多利亚州、南澳大利亚州（SA）和塔斯马尼亚州当前分布范围内的差异。我们还纳入了来自新南威尔士州南部高原地区最近重新发现的栗色雨滨蛙种群的样本。我们的系统发育和种群遗传学分析表明，阔口雨滨蛙包括北部和南部谱系，线粒体DNA序列存在深度差异（平均净序列差异为7%），并且可以通过4000多个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点的固定等位基因差异来鉴别。北部谱系的样本采集自墨累-达令盆地，而南部谱系的样本采集自南澳大利亚州东南部、维多利亚州南部和东南部以及塔斯马尼亚州。形态学和生物声学分析并未明确区分这两个谱系。在南部谱系北缘的维多利亚州西部发现了一个杂交回交个体，这使我们将这两个谱系定为亚种，北部谱系为阔口雨滨蛙指名亚种（L. r. raniformis），南部谱系为阔口雨滨蛙大种亚种（L. r. major）。我们的数据并未明确解决栗色雨滨蛙的分类地位问题，这需要对栗色雨滨蛙和阔口雨滨蛙已不复存在地区的博物馆标本进行分子遗传学分析。我们的数据还表明，在过去50年里可能发生了人类介导的青蛙迁移。我们对20世纪70年代从南澳大利亚州洛夫蒂岭采集的标本进行基因分型，检测到了两个亚种的线粒体单倍型，SNP分析表明，一个塔斯马尼亚标本是具有阔口雨滨蛙指名亚种血统的回交个体。阔口雨滨蛙指名亚种进入塔斯马尼亚州以及两个亚种进入洛夫蒂岭，不太可能是由于动物通过农业贸易的被动迁移，而是由于这些物种作为宠物的吸引力以及随后的逃逸或放生，可能发生在幼体阶段。
