患有猫哮喘和慢性支气管炎的猫的呼吸道细菌微生物群比较。
Comparison of the respiratory bacterial microbiome in cats with feline asthma and chronic bronchitis.
作者信息
Werner Melanie, Weeger Jasmin, Hörner-Schmid Lina, Weber Karin, Palić Jelena, Shih Jonathan, Suchodolski Jan S, Pilla Rachel, Schulz Bianka
机构信息
Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany.
Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, Zurich, Switzerland.
出版信息
Front Vet Sci. 2023 Mar 27;10:1148849. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1148849. eCollection 2023.
OBJECTIVES
While feline chronic bronchitis (CB) is known as neutrophilic bronchial inflammation (NI), feline asthma (FA) is defined as an eosinophilic airway inflammation (EI). Feline chronic bronchial disease refers to both syndromes, with similar clinical presentations and applied treatment strategies. Recent studies described alterations of the microbiota composition in cats with FA, but little is known about the comparison of the lung microbiota between different types of feline bronchial disease. The study aimed to describe the bacterial microbiota of the lower respiratory tracts of cats with FA and CB and to identify potential differences.
METHODS
Twenty-two client-owned cats with FA ( = 15) or CB ( = 7) confirmed bronchoalveolar-lavage (BALF)-cytology were included. Next-generation sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA genes was performed on bacterial DNA derived from BALF samples. QIIME was used to compare microbial composition and diversity between groups.
RESULTS
Evenness and alpha-diversity-indices did not significantly differ between cats with FA and CB (Shannon = 0.084, Chao 1 = 0.698, observed ASVs = 0.944). Based on a PERMANOVA analysis, no significant differences were observed in microbial composition between animals of both groups (Bray-Curtis metric, -value 0.086, = 0.785; unweighted UniFrac metric, -value -0.089, = 0.799; weighted Unifrac metric, -value -0.072, = 0.823). Regarding taxonomic composition, significant differences were detected for on the phylum level ( = 0.026), spp. ( = 0.048), and ( = 0.049) on the genus level between cats with FA and CB, with generally strong interindividual differences seen. There was a significant difference in the duration of clinical signs before diagnosis in animals dominated by (median 12 months, range 2-58 months) compared to animals dominated by (median 1 month, range 1 day to 18 months; = 0.003).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Lung microbiota composition is very similar in cat populations with spontaneous FA and CB besides small differences in some bacterial groups. However, with disease progression, the lung microbiome of cats with both diseases appears to shift away from dominantly to a pattern more dominated by . A substantial proportion of cats tested positive for spp. sequencing, while none of them tested positive using classical PCR.
目的
虽然猫慢性支气管炎（CB）被认为是嗜中性支气管炎症（NI），但猫哮喘（FA）被定义为嗜酸性气道炎症（EI）。猫慢性支气管疾病指的是这两种综合征，它们具有相似的临床表现和应用的治疗策略。最近的研究描述了患有FA的猫的微生物群组成的改变，但对于不同类型猫支气管疾病之间的肺部微生物群比较了解甚少。本研究旨在描述患有FA和CB的猫的下呼吸道细菌微生物群，并确定潜在差异。
方法
纳入22只经支气管肺泡灌洗（BALF）细胞学确诊为FA（n = 15）或CB（n = 7）的客户拥有的猫。对来自BALF样本的细菌DNA进行16S rRNA基因的下一代测序分析。使用QIIME比较组间微生物组成和多样性。
结果
FA猫和CB猫之间的均匀度和α多样性指数没有显著差异（香农指数 = 0.084，Chao 1指数 = 0.698，观察到的可操作分类单元数 = 0.944）。基于PERMANOVA分析，两组动物之间的微生物组成没有观察到显著差异（Bray-Curtis度量，P值 = 0.086，R2 = 0.785；未加权UniFrac度量，P值 = -0.089，R2 = 0.799；加权UniFrac度量，P值 = -0.072，R2 = 0.823）。关于分类组成，在门水平上检测到FA猫和CB猫之间的显著差异（P = 0.026），在属水平上，链球菌属（P = 0.048）和葡萄球菌属（P = 0.049）存在显著差异，个体间差异普遍较大。以葡萄球菌属为主的动物与以链球菌属为主的动物相比，诊断前临床症状持续时间存在显著差异（中位数12个月，范围2 - 58个月）（中位数1个月，范围1天至18个月；P = 0.003）。
结论及意义
除了一些细菌组存在小差异外，患有自发性FA和CB的猫群体中的肺部微生物群组成非常相似。然而，随着疾病进展，这两种疾病的猫的肺部微生物群似乎从主要由葡萄球菌属转变为更由链球菌属主导的模式。相当一部分猫通过16S测序检测到链球菌属呈阳性，而使用经典PCR检测时无一呈阳性。
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