Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.
J Feline Med Surg. 2020 Dec;22(12):1129-1136. doi: 10.1177/1098612X20907178. Epub 2020 Mar 13.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of serum allergen-specific IgE testing in cats with a clinical diagnosis of asthma and to determine if the number of allergens with positive IgE reactivity and magnitude of positive IgE responses would be associated with the severity of clinical signs or airway eosinophilia.
Medical records from 2008 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Inclusion required a diagnosis of feline asthma based on consistent clinicopathologic features and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytology with >10% eosinophils; additionally, cats needed to have the results of serum allergen-specific IgE tests.
Eighteen cases satisfied the inclusion criteria. Median age was 5 years and the most common presenting clinical sign was cough (n = 10/18). Most cats lived exclusively indoors (n = 13/18). The median percentage of BAL eosinophils was 47%. Serum allergen-specific IgE testing supported an underlying allergic etiology in 14/18 (78%) cats, with all but one having polysensitization. The severity of clinical signs and magnitude of airway eosinophilia did not correlate with the degree of positive IgE reactivity.
This study identified a strong association between the identification of allergen-specific IgE and cats with asthma, and the majority of these cats were polysensitized. However, larger numbers of allergens with positive IgE reactivity or magnitude of IgE reactivity were not significantly associated with clinical severity or airway eosinophilia. Knowledge of positive allergen-specific IgE results could guide allergen avoidance, regardless of the magnitude of IgE reactivity.
本研究旨在评估临床诊断为哮喘的猫的血清过敏原特异性 IgE 检测结果，并确定 IgE 阳性反应的过敏原数量和 IgE 阳性反应的程度是否与临床症状严重程度或气道嗜酸性粒细胞增多有关。
回顾性分析 2008 年至 2018 年的病历。纳入标准为基于一致的临床病理特征和支气管肺泡灌洗 (BAL) 细胞学检查（>10%嗜酸性粒细胞）诊断为猫哮喘；此外，猫还需要有血清过敏原特异性 IgE 检测结果。
18 例符合纳入标准。中位年龄为 5 岁，最常见的临床表现为咳嗽（n=10/18）。大多数猫都只生活在室内（n=13/18）。BAL 嗜酸性粒细胞的中位数为 47%。血清过敏原特异性 IgE 检测支持 18 例（78%）猫存在潜在的过敏病因，除 1 例外均为多敏化。临床症状严重程度和气道嗜酸性粒细胞增多程度与 IgE 阳性反应程度无相关性。
本研究确定了过敏原特异性 IgE 与哮喘猫之间存在很强的关联，且大多数猫为多敏化。然而，阳性 IgE 反应的过敏原数量或 IgE 反应程度与临床严重程度或气道嗜酸性粒细胞增多无显著相关性。无论 IgE 反应程度如何，了解阳性过敏原特异性 IgE 结果都可以指导过敏原回避。
