Department of Remote Sensing, Banasthali Vidyapith, Jaipur, India.
Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, India; Institute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Malaysia; New Era and Development in Civil Engineering Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, 64001, Iraq.
Environ Res. 2023 Jul 1;228:115832. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115832. Epub 2023 Apr 11.
The Damoh district, which is located in the central India and characterized by limestone, shales, and sandstone compact rock. The district has been facing groundwater development challenges and problems for several decades. To facilitate groundwater management, it is crucial to monitoring and planning based on geology, slope, relief, land use, geomorphology, and the types of the basaltic aquifer in the drought-groundwater deficit area. Moreover, the majority of farmers in the area are heavily dependent on groundwater for their crops. Therefore, delineation of groundwater potential zones (GPZ) is essential, which is defined based on various thematic layers, including geology, geomorphology, slope, aspect, drainage density, lineament density, topographic wetness index (TWI), topographic ruggedness index (TRI), and land use/land cover (LULC). The processing and analysis of this information were carried out using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods. The validity of the results was trained and tested using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, which showed training and testing accuracies of 0.713 and 0.701, respectively. The GPZ map was classified into five classes such as very high, high, moderate, low, and very low. The study revealed that approximately 45% of the area falls under the moderate GPZ, while only 30% of the region is classified as having a high GPZ. The area receives high rainfall but has very high surface runoff due to no proper developed soil and lack of water conservation structures. Every summer season show a declined groundwater level. In this context, results of study area are useful to maintain the groundwater under climate change and summer season. The GPZ map plays an important role in implementing artificial recharge structures (ARS), such as percolation ponds, tube wells, bore wells, cement nala bunds (CNBs), continuous contour trenching (CCTs), and others for development of ground level. This study is significant for developing sustainable groundwater management policies in semi-arid regions, that are experiencing climate change. Proper groundwater potential mapping and watershed development policies can help mitigate the effects of drought, climate change, and water scarcity, while preserving the ecosystem in the Limestone, Shales, and Sandstone compact rock region. The results of this study are essential for farmers, regional planners, policy-makers, climate change experts, and local governments, enabling them to understand the groundwater development possibilities in the study area.
达莫地区位于印度中部，以石灰岩、页岩和砂岩等坚硬岩石为主。该地区几十年来一直面临地下水开发的挑战和问题。为了便于地下水管理，根据地质学、坡度、地势、土地利用、地貌和干旱-地下水短缺地区玄武岩含水层的类型进行监测和规划至关重要。此外，该地区的大多数农民都严重依赖地下水来种植农作物。因此，划定地下水潜力区（GPZ）至关重要，它是基于各种专题图层定义的，包括地质学、地貌学、坡度、方位、排水密度、线性密度、地形湿度指数（TWI）、地形崎岖度指数（TRI）和土地利用/土地覆盖（LULC）。这些信息的处理和分析是使用地理信息系统（GIS）和层次分析法（AHP）方法进行的。使用接收器工作特征（ROC）曲线对结果进行了训练和测试，结果显示训练和测试的准确性分别为 0.713 和 0.701。GPZ 图分为五类，分别是很高、高、中、低和很低。研究表明，大约 45%的地区属于中等 GPZ，而只有 30%的地区属于高 GPZ。该地区降雨量大，但由于土壤没有得到适当开发且缺乏节水结构，地表径流量非常大。每年夏季都会出现地下水水位下降的情况。在这种情况下，研究结果有助于在气候变化和夏季期间维持地下水。GPZ 图在实施人工补给结构（ARS）方面发挥着重要作用，例如渗滤池、管井、钻孔井、水泥纳拉堤（CNB）、连续等高沟渠（CCT）等，以开发地下水位。这项研究对于在经历气候变化的半干旱地区制定可持续的地下水管理政策具有重要意义。适当的地下水潜力图和流域开发政策有助于减轻干旱、气候变化和水资源短缺的影响，同时保护石灰岩、页岩和砂岩坚硬岩石地区的生态系统。这项研究的结果对于农民、区域规划者、政策制定者、气候变化专家和地方政府来说至关重要，使他们能够了解研究区域的地下水开发潜力。
