Zhang Lixia, Yang Zi, Yang Fan, Wang Gege, Zeng Ming, Zhang Zhongxin, Yang Mengxiao, Wang Zhanqi, Li Zhibing
Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.
Puyang Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Yellow River Wetland Ecosystem and The Observation and Research Field Station of Taihang Mountain Forest Ecosystems of Henan Province, Xinxiang, China.
Front Microbiol. 2023 Mar 28;14:1087777. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1087777. eCollection 2023.
Temperature variation structures the composition and diversity of gut microbiomes in ectothermic animals, key regulators of host physiology, with potential benefit to host or lead to converse results (i.e., negative). So, the significance of either effect may largely depend on the length of time exposed to extreme temperatures and how rapidly the gut microbiota can be altered by change in temperature. However, the temporal effects of temperature on gut microbiota have rarely been clarified. To understand this issue, we exposed two juvenile fishes ( and ), which both ranked among the 100 worst invasive alien species in the world, to increased environmental temperature and sampled of the gut microbiota at multiple time points after exposure so as to determine when differences in these communities become detectable. Further, how temperature affects the composition and function of microbiota was examined by comparing predicted metagenomic profiles of gut microbiota between treatment groups at the final time point of the experiment. The gut microbiota of was more plastic than those of . Specifically, communities of were greatly altered by increased temperature within 1 week, while communities of exhibit no significant changes. Further, we identified 10 predicted bacterial functional pathways in that were temperature-dependent, while none functional pathways in was found to be temperature-dependent. Thus, the gut microbiota of was more sensitive to temperature changes and their functional pathways were significantly changed after temperature treatment. These results showed the gut microbiota of the two invasive fishes differ in response to temperature change, which may indicate that they differ in colonization modes. Broadly, we have confirmed that the increased short-term fluctuations in temperatures are always expected to alter the gut microbiota of ectothermic vertebrates when facing global climate change.
温度变化塑造了变温动物肠道微生物群的组成和多样性，而肠道微生物群是宿主生理的关键调节因子，对宿主可能有潜在益处，也可能产生相反的结果（即负面的）。因此，这两种影响的意义可能很大程度上取决于暴露于极端温度的时间长度以及肠道微生物群能多快地随温度变化而改变。然而，温度对肠道微生物群的时间效应很少得到阐明。为了理解这个问题，我们将两种幼鱼（均位列世界100种最严重的入侵外来物种之中）暴露于升高的环境温度下，并在暴露后的多个时间点对其肠道微生物群进行采样，以便确定这些群落中的差异何时变得可检测到。此外，通过比较实验最后时间点各处理组肠道微生物群的预测宏基因组图谱，研究了温度如何影响微生物群的组成和功能。[鱼1]的肠道微生物群比[鱼2]的更具可塑性。具体而言，[鱼1]的群落温度升高后在1周内就发生了很大变化，而[鱼2]的群落没有显著变化。此外，我们在[鱼1]中鉴定出10条预测的细菌功能途径是温度依赖性的，而在[鱼2]中未发现有功能途径是温度依赖性的。因此，[鱼1]的肠道微生物群对温度变化更敏感，其功能途径在温度处理后发生了显著变化。这些结果表明，这两种入侵鱼类的肠道微生物群对温度变化的反应不同，这可能表明它们在定殖模式上存在差异。总体而言，我们已经证实，在全球气候变化的背景下，当面临温度短期波动增加时，变温脊椎动物的肠道微生物群总是会发生改变。
