Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
Carbohydr Polym. 2023 Jul 15;312:120838. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120838. Epub 2023 Mar 24.
The oral route has long been recognized as the most preferred route for drug delivery as it offers high patient compliance and requires minimal expertise. Unlike small molecule drugs, the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract and low permeability across the intestinal epithelium make oral delivery extremely ineffective for macromolecules. Accordingly, delivery systems that are rationally constructed with suitable materials to overcome barriers to oral delivery are exceptionally promising. Among the most ideal materials are polysaccharides. Depending on the interaction between polysaccharides and proteins, the thermodynamic loading and release of proteins in the aqueous phase can be realized. Specific polysaccharides (dextran, chitosan, alginate, cellulose, etc.) endow systems with functional properties, including muco-adhesiveness, pH-responsiveness, and prevention of enzymatic degradation. Furthermore, multiple groups in polysaccharides can be modified, which gives them a variety of properties and enables them to suit specific needs. This review provides an overview of different types of polysaccharide-based nanocarriers based on different kinds of interaction forces and the influencing factors in the construction of polysaccharide-based nanocarriers. Strategies of polysaccharide-based nanocarriers to improve the bioavailability of orally administered proteins/peptides were described. Additionally, current restrictions and future trends of polysaccharide-based nanocarriers for oral delivery of proteins/peptides were also covered.
口服途径长期以来被认为是药物输送的首选途径，因为它具有较高的患者顺应性，且所需专业知识较少。与小分子药物不同，胃肠道的恶劣环境和肠道上皮的低通透性使得大分子的口服递送效果极差。因此，采用合适的材料构建合理的输送系统来克服口服递送的障碍具有很大的应用前景。最理想的材料之一是多糖。根据多糖与蛋白质之间的相互作用，可以实现蛋白质在水相中的热力学加载和释放。特定的多糖（葡聚糖、壳聚糖、海藻酸盐、纤维素等）赋予系统多种功能特性，包括黏膜黏附性、pH 响应性和对酶降解的预防。此外，多糖中的多个基团可以被修饰，从而赋予其多种性质，使其能够满足特定需求。本文综述了不同类型的基于多糖的纳米载体，包括基于不同相互作用力的纳米载体和构建基于多糖的纳米载体的影响因素。描述了基于多糖的纳米载体提高口服给予蛋白质/肽的生物利用度的策略。此外，还涵盖了基于多糖的纳米载体用于蛋白质/肽口服递送的当前限制和未来趋势。
