Northern Gulf Institute, Mississippi State University, 2 Research Blvd, Starkville, MS 39759, USA; Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149, USA.
Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723-6099, USA.
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2023 Jun;81:102936. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.102936. Epub 2023 Apr 14.
The use of environmental DNA (eDNA) technology for environmental monitoring is rapidly expanding, with applications for fisheries, coral reefs, harmful algal blooms, invasive and endangered species, and biodiversity monitoring. By enabling detection of species over space and time, eDNA fulfills a fundamental need of environmental surveys. Traditional surveys are expensive, require significant capital expenditure, and can be destructive; eDNA offers promise for cheaper, less invasive, and higher-resolution (i.e. genetic) assessments of environments and stocks. However, challenges in quantification, detection limits, biobanking capacity, reference databases, and data management and integration remain significant hurdles to efficient eDNA monitoring at global and decadal scale. Here, we consider the current state of eDNA technology and its suitability for the problems for which it is being used. We explore the current best practices, the logistical and social challenges that prevent eDNA from widespread adoption and benefit, and the emerging technologies that may address those challenges.
环境 DNA（eDNA）技术在环境监测中的应用正在迅速扩展，可用于渔业、珊瑚礁、有害藻类水华、入侵和濒危物种以及生物多样性监测。eDNA 通过在空间和时间上检测物种，满足了环境调查的基本需求。传统调查既昂贵又需要大量资本支出，并且可能具有破坏性；而 eDNA 则为更便宜、侵入性更小、分辨率更高（即遗传）的环境和种群评估提供了前景。然而，在全球和十年尺度上进行有效的 eDNA 监测，仍然存在定量、检测限、生物库容量、参考数据库以及数据管理和集成方面的挑战。在这里，我们考虑 eDNA 技术的现状及其对所应用问题的适宜性。我们探讨了当前的最佳实践、阻碍 eDNA 广泛采用和受益的后勤和社会挑战，以及可能解决这些挑战的新兴技术。
