Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800 Victoria, Australia.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2023 Jun 5;378(1878):20220106. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0106. Epub 2023 Apr 17.
Most invasions start with the introduction of a few individuals and the majority fail to establish and become invasive populations. A possible explanation for this is that some species are subject to Allee effects-disadvantages of low densities-and fail to perform vital activities due to the low availability of conspecifics. We propose that 'facilitation' from native individuals to non-natives through heterospecific sociability could enhance chances of the latter establishing in novel environments by helping them avoid Allee effects and even reducing the minimum number of non-native individuals necessary to achieve the density for a viable population (the Allee effect threshold). There is evidence from experiments carried out with freshwater fish, snails, lizards, mussels and bird that supports the idea of heterospecific sociability between native and non-native species as a process to promote invasion success. We propose that to understand invasion success in social non-native species we need to investigate how they integrate into the recipient community. Furthermore, to manage them, it may be necessary to reduce population density not just below the Allee effect threshold but also to understand how natives could help them shift the conspecific Allee effect threshold to their benefit. This article is part of the theme issue 'Mixed-species groups and aggregations: shaping ecological and behavioural patterns and processes'.
大多数入侵都是从少数个体的引入开始的，而大多数入侵个体都无法成功建立并成为入侵种群。对此有一种可能的解释是，某些物种受到阿利效应（低密度的劣势）的影响，由于同种个体的可用性较低，它们无法进行重要的活动。我们提出，通过异质种间的社交关系，从本地个体对非本地个体的“促进”，可以通过帮助它们避免阿利效应，甚至降低建立可行种群所需的非本地个体的最低数量（阿利效应阈值），从而增加后者在新环境中建立的机会。有证据表明，在淡水鱼类、蜗牛、蜥蜴、贻贝和鸟类的实验中，支持了本地和非本地物种之间的异质种间社交关系是促进入侵成功的一种过程的观点。我们提出，为了理解社会非本地物种的入侵成功，我们需要研究它们如何融入受体群落。此外，为了对它们进行管理，可能不仅需要将种群密度降低到阿利效应阈值以下，而且还需要了解本地物种如何帮助它们将同种阿利效应阈值转变为对它们有利的状态。本文是主题为“混合物种群体和聚集：塑造生态和行为模式和过程”的一部分。
