Goethe University Frankfurt, Department for Evolutionary Ecology & Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Jul 20;883:163479. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163479. Epub 2023 Apr 15.
Textile production is one of the main sources of freshwater consumption by industries worldwide. In addition, according to the world bank, 20 % of the wastewater generated globally is caused by textile wet-processing. Textile wet-processing includes the processes in textile production where garments are dyed or given the final functions like water-repellency. Several thousand chemicals were used in this process, some of which are highly toxic. Discharging untreated or insufficiently treated wastewater in water bodies results in high pollution levels, severely impacting the environment and human health. Especially in textile-producing countries like India, environmental pollution and water consumption from textile wet-processing have severe impacts. Next to the high volume of chemicals used in textile production, the high salt concentration in textile wastewater also poses a challenge and is critical for freshwater systems. Moreover, textile wastewater is one of the most difficult to treat wastewater. Currently, used treatment technologies do not meet the requirements to treat textile wastewater. Therefore, the further development of efficient treatment technologies for textile wastewater is critically important. Hence, in the interdisciplinary project, effect-based monitoring demonstrates the efficiency of electrically-driven water treatment processes to remove salts and micropollutants from process water (EfectroHO), a low-energy Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) textile wastewater treatment technology is being developed consisting of a combination of capacitive deionization (CDI) and advanced oxidation processes (AOP). In addition to treatment technology development, methods for evaluating the efficiency of treatment technologies also need to be improved. Currently, mainly physicochemical parameters such as pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) are tested worldwide to check water quality. However, these methods are insufficient to make a statement about the toxic potential of such complex mixtures as textile wastewater. Therefore, also next to chemical analyses, effect-based methods (EBM) are used to verify the treated wastewater.
纺织品生产是全球工业淡水资源消耗的主要来源之一。此外，世界银行的数据显示，全球产生的污水有 20%是由纺织品湿加工造成的。纺织品湿加工包括在纺织品生产过程中对服装进行染色或赋予拒水等最终功能的过程。在这个过程中使用了数千种化学物质，其中一些是剧毒的。将未经处理或处理不充分的废水排放到水体中会导致高污染水平，严重影响环境和人类健康。特别是在印度等纺织品生产国，纺织品湿加工造成的环境污染和水资源消耗带来了严重的影响。除了纺织品生产中使用的大量化学品外，纺织废水中的高盐浓度也构成了挑战，对淡水系统至关重要。此外，纺织废水是最难处理的废水之一。目前，使用的处理技术不符合处理纺织废水的要求。因此，进一步开发高效的纺织废水处理技术至关重要。因此，在跨学科项目中，基于效应的监测证明了电动水处理工艺从工艺水中去除盐和微量污染物的效率（EfectroHO），正在开发一种低能耗零液体排放（ZLD）的纺织废水处理技术，由电容去离子（CDI）和先进氧化工艺（AOP）的组合构成。除了处理技术的开发外，还需要改进评估处理技术效率的方法。目前，全球主要测试 pH 值、生化需氧量（BOD）和化学需氧量（COD）等理化参数来检查水质。然而，这些方法不足以说明像纺织废水这样的复杂混合物的潜在毒性。因此，除了化学分析外，还使用基于效应的方法（EBM）来验证处理后的废水。
