Inhibiting Interfacial Diffusion in Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells by Replacing Low-Dimensional Perovskite with Uniformly Anchored Quaternized Polystyrene.

Surface heterojunction has been regarded as an effective method to improve the device efficiency of perovskite solar cells. Nevertheless, the durability of different heterojunction under thermal stress is rarely investigated and compared. In this work, benzylammonium chloride and benzyltrimethylammonium chloride are utilized to construct 3D/2D and 3D/1D heterojunctions, respectively. A quaternized polystyrene is synthesized to construct a three-dimensional perovskite/amorphous ionic polymer (3D/AIP) heterojunction. Due to the migration and volatility of organic cations, severe interfacial diffusion is found among 3D/2D and 3D/1D heterojunctions, in which the quaternary ammonium cations in the 1D structure are less volatile and mobile than the primary ammonium cations in the 2D structure. 3D/AIP heterojunction remains intact under thermal stress due to the strong ionic bond anchoring at the interface and the ultra-high molecular weight of AIP. Furthermore, the dipole layer formed by AIP can further reduce the voltage loss caused by nonradiative recombination at the interface by 0.088 V. Therefore, the devices based on the 3D/AIP heterojunction achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 24.27% and maintain 90% of its initial efficiency after either thermal aging for 400 h or wet aging for 3000 h, showing a great promise for polymer/perovskite heterojunction towards real applications.