Poloczková Hana, Honek Tomáš, Chaloupka Anna, Opatřil Lukáš, Bakošová Mária, Krejčí Jan
Vnitr Lek. 2023 Spring;69(2):89-104. doi: 10.36290/vnl.2023.016.
Cardiomyopathies are defined as myocardial disorders in which the heart muscle is structurally and functionaly abnormal in the absence of a disease sufficient to cause this abnormality such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular or congenital heart disease. According to the phenotype expresion cardiomyopathies are divided into dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive, arrhytmogenic and unclassified cardiomyopathies (noncompaction and tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy). The same phenotypic expression may include etiologically different forms of the disease, and at the same time phenotypic expression may change in many cardiomyopathies in the course of illness. For each type of cardiomyopathy, we further distinguish the familial (genetic) form and the acquired form. The clinical manifestation of the disease includes symptoms of heart failure, with reduced, mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction, symptoms resulting from a number of arrhythmias and extracardiac symptoms, but in some cases symptoms may not be presented for a relatively long time. The disease can lead to significant morbidity and mortality if not detected and treated early, especially in young people who are frequently affected. Significant developments in diagnostic and treatment methods have led to an improvement in the prognosis of patients with cardiomyopathies in recent years.
心肌病被定义为心肌疾病，其中心肌在没有足以导致这种异常的疾病（如冠状动脉疾病、高血压、瓣膜性或先天性心脏病）的情况下，在结构和功能上出现异常。根据表型表达，心肌病可分为扩张型、肥厚型、限制型、致心律失常型和未分类心肌病（心肌致密化不全和应激性心肌病）。相同的表型表达可能包括病因不同的疾病形式，同时，在许多心肌病病程中表型表达可能会发生变化。对于每种类型的心肌病，我们进一步区分家族性（遗传性）形式和获得性形式。该疾病的临床表现包括心力衰竭症状，射血分数降低、轻度降低或保留，多种心律失常导致的症状以及心外症状，但在某些情况下，症状可能在相当长的时间内不出现。如果不及早发现和治疗，该疾病会导致显著的发病率和死亡率，尤其是在经常受影响的年轻人中。近年来，诊断和治疗方法的重大进展已使心肌病患者的预后得到改善。
