Terpolymerization and Regioisomerization Strategy to Construct Efficient Terpolymer Donors Enabling High-Performance Organic Solar Cells.

Terpolymerization and regioisomerization strategies are combined to develop novel polymer donors to overcome the difficulty of improving organic solar cells (OSCs) performance. Two novel isomeric units, bis(2-hexyldecyl)-2,5-bis(4-chlorothiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-3,6-dicarboxylate (TTO) and bis(2-hexyldecyl) 2,5-bis(3-chlorothiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-3,6-dicarboxylate (TTI), are obtained and incorporated into the PM6 backbone via random copolymerization to form a series of terpolymers. Interestingly, it is found that different chlorine (Cl) substituent positions can significantly change the molecular planarity and electrostatic potential (ESP) owing to the steric hindrance effect of the heavy Cl atom, which leads to different molecular aggregation behaviors and miscibility between the donor and acceptor. The TTO unit features a higher number of multiple S···O non-covalent interactions, more positive ESP, and fewer isomer structures than TTI. As a result, the terpolymer PM6-TTO-10 exhibits a much better molecular coplanarity, stronger crystallinity, more obvious aggregation behavior, and proper phase separation in the blend film, which are conducive to more efficient exciton dissociation and charge transfer. Consequently, the PM6-TTO-10:BTP-eC9-based OSCs achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 18.37% with an outstanding fill factor of 79.97%, which are among the highest values reported for terpolymer-based OSCs. This work demonstrates that terpolymerization combined with Cl regioisomerization is an efficient approach for achieving high-performance polymer donors.