Tárraga Marcos Almudena, Carbayo Herencia Julio Antonio, Panisello Royo Josefa Maria, López Gil José Francisco, Tárraga Marcos Loreto, Tárraga López Pedro Juan
Consejería de Bienestar Social de Castilla-La Mancha.
2Departamento de Medicina Clínica. Universidad Miguel Hernández.
Nutr Hosp. 2023 Jun 21;40(3):597-604. doi: 10.20960/nh.04420.
Objective: to assess the evolution of adherence to Mediterranean diet and level of physical activity of university students of Health Sciences in Castilla-La Mancha during the COVID-19 lockdown and one year afterwards. Methods: a cross-sectional observational study using questionnaires on adherence to the Mediterranean diet and level of physical activity. A total of 893 students enrolled in Health Sciences degrees at the University of Castilla la Mancha participated, 575 in the first survey (during the lockdown) and 318 in the second (one year later). By sex, 672 women and 221 men (in the first survey 77.7 % were women and 22.3 % men while in the second survey these were 70.8 % and 29.2 %, respectively). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed with the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) questionnaire and the modified Prevention with Mediterranean Diet (PREDIMED) questionnaire. The level of physical activity was assessed with the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity Scale (RAPA). Results: one year after the COVID-19 confinement, consumption of olive oil has almost tripled. Daily fruit consumption has also doubled. Similarly, the consumption of wine and alcoholic beverages has doubled. Conversely, there was a reduction in the consumption of butter and margarine, as well as of carbonated drinks and sweetened beverages. Likewise, the percentage of university students with high adherence to the Mediterranean diet increased significantly (from 26 % to 34.3 %). Regarding physical activity level, there was a significant increase in the percentage of university students who engaged in light, moderate and even intense physical activity on an irregular basis. This increase was not found in the case of muscular strength and flexibility training activities. Conclusion: the results of the study indicate that, although the levels of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and physical activity have improved after the COVID-19 confinement, adherence to Mediterranean diet and physical activity level among the university population analyzed is still low. It is necessary to implement strategies for the achievement or maintenance of a healthy lifestyle in this population.
评估卡斯蒂利亚-拉曼恰地区健康科学专业大学生在新冠疫情封锁期间及之后一年对地中海饮食的依从性演变和身体活动水平。方法：采用关于地中海饮食依从性和身体活动水平的问卷进行横断面观察性研究。共有893名在卡斯蒂利亚拉曼恰大学攻读健康科学学位的学生参与，575人参与第一次调查（封锁期间），318人参与第二次调查（一年后）。按性别划分，女性672人，男性221人（第一次调查中女性占77.7%，男性占22.3%，而第二次调查中分别为70.8%和29.2%）。使用地中海饮食依从性筛查问卷（MEDAS）和改良的地中海饮食预防问卷（PREDIMED）评估对地中海饮食的依从性。使用身体活动快速评估量表（RAPA）评估身体活动水平。结果：新冠疫情封锁一年后，橄榄油消费量几乎增至三倍。每日水果消费量也翻倍。同样，葡萄酒和酒精饮料消费量翻倍。相反，黄油、人造黄油以及碳酸饮料和含糖饮料的消费量有所减少。同样，高度依从地中海饮食的大学生比例显著增加（从26%增至34.3%）。关于身体活动水平，不定期进行轻度、中度甚至剧烈身体活动的大学生比例显著增加。肌肉力量和柔韧性训练活动的情况未发现这种增加。结论：研究结果表明，尽管新冠疫情封锁后对地中海饮食的依从性和身体活动水平有所改善，但所分析的大学生群体对地中海饮食的依从性和身体活动水平仍然较低。有必要在这一人群中实施实现或维持健康生活方式的策略。
