Grupo Interdisciplinar en Cuidados IMCU, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain.
Nutrients. 2019 Nov 19;11(11):2830. doi: 10.3390/nu11112830.
The aims of this study were to assess the association of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) with physical fitness and body composition in Spanish university students and to determine the ability to predict the MD adherence of each Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) item. A cross-sectional study was performed involving 310 first-year university students. Adherence to the MD was evaluated with MEDAS-14 items. Anthropometric variables, body composition, and physical fitness were assessed. Muscle strength was determined based on handgrip strength and the standing long jump test. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was measured using the Course-Navette test. Only 24% of the university students had good adherence to the MD. The ANCOVA models showed a significant difference between participants with high adherence to the MD and those with medium and low adherence in CRF ( = 0.017) and dynamometry ( = 0.005). Logistic binary regression showed that consuming >2 vegetables/day (OR = 20.1; CI: 10.1-30.1; < 0.001), using olive oil (OR = 10.6; CI: 1.4-19.8; = 0.021), consuming <3 commercial sweets/week (OR = 10.1; IC: 5.1-19.7; < 0.001), and consuming ≥3 fruits/day (OR = 8.8; CI: 4.9-15.7; < 0.001) were the items most associated with high adherence to the MD. In conclusion, a high level of adherence to the MD is associated with high-level muscular fitness and CRF in Spanish university students.
本研究旨在评估西班牙大学生对地中海饮食（MD）的依从性与身体健康和身体成分的关系，并确定每个地中海饮食依从性筛查器（MEDAS）项目预测 MD 依从性的能力。进行了一项横断面研究，涉及 310 名一年级大学生。使用 MEDAS-14 项评估 MD 的依从性。评估了人体测量变量、身体成分和身体健康。肌肉力量基于握力和立定跳远测试来确定。心肺功能（CRF）使用Course-Navette 测试进行测量。只有 24%的大学生对 MD 有良好的依从性。ANCOVA 模型显示，在 CRF（ = 0.017）和测力（ = 0.005）方面，MD 高度依从的参与者与中低依从的参与者之间存在显著差异。逻辑二元回归显示，每天食用 >2 份蔬菜（OR = 20.1；CI：10.1-30.1；<0.001）、使用橄榄油（OR = 10.6；CI：1.4-19.8；= 0.021）、每周食用 <3 份商业甜点（OR = 10.1；IC：5.1-19.7；<0.001）和每天食用 ≥3 份水果（OR = 8.8；CI：4.9-15.7；<0.001）与 MD 高度依从性最相关。总之，MD 高度依从与西班牙大学生高水平的肌肉健康和 CRF 相关。
