North Carol S, Black Melissa, Gokul Sheila, Pollio David E, Scofield Faith M, Handal Paul J, Hong Barry A
The Altshuler Center for Education & Research, Metrocare Services, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2023 May;35(2):157-166. doi: 10.12788/acp.0108.
There is little systematic information about intelligence and academic achievement among sheltered homeless adults. This study adds descriptive data on intelligence and academic achievement, examines discrepancies across these concepts, and explores the associations among demographic and psychosocial characteristics in the context of intelligence categories and discrepancies.
We studied intelligence, academic achievement, and discrepancies between IQ and academic achievement among 188 individuals experiencing homelessness who were systematically recruited from a large, urban, 24-hour homeless recovery center. Participants completed structured interviews, urine drug testing, the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, and the Wide Range Achievement Test, 4th edition.
Average full-scale intelligence was low average (90) but higher than scores obtained in other studies of homeless populations. Academic achievement was lower than average (82 to 88). Performance/math deficits in the higher intelligence group indicate functional difficulties that could have contributed to homeless risk.
The low-normal intelligence and below-average achievement scores are not extreme enough to warrant immediate attention and intervention for most individuals. Systematic screening during entry into homeless services might identify learning strengths and weaknesses, presenting modifiable factors that could be addressed in focused educational/vocational interventions.
关于庇护所中无家可归成年人的智力和学业成绩，几乎没有系统的信息。本研究补充了关于智力和学业成绩的描述性数据，检验了这些概念之间的差异，并在智力类别和差异的背景下探讨了人口统计学和心理社会特征之间的关联。
我们研究了从一个大型城市24小时无家可归者康复中心系统招募的188名无家可归者的智力、学业成绩以及智商与学业成绩之间的差异。参与者完成了结构化访谈、尿液药物检测、韦氏简易智力量表和第四版广泛成就测验。
平均全量表智力处于低平均水平（90），但高于其他无家可归人群研究中获得的分数。高智力组在表现/数学方面的缺陷表明存在功能困难，这可能导致了无家可归的风险。
智力处于低正常水平且成绩低于平均水平，对大多数人来说还不至于极端到需要立即关注和干预。在进入无家可归者服务机构时进行系统筛查，可能会识别出学习优势和劣势，呈现出可调整的因素，这些因素可以在有针对性的教育/职业干预中得到解决。
