Luo Xiaotian, Huang Jie, Ma Honggang, Liu Yujie, Lu Xiaoteng, Bourland William A
Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072 China.
Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China.
Mar Life Sci Technol. 2022 Nov 24;4(4):536-550. doi: 10.1007/s42995-022-00148-9. eCollection 2022 Nov.
In sharp contrast to their pelagic relatives, the oligotrichs, the overwhelming majority of hypotrich ciliates inhabit the benthos. Only a few species, including those of the genus Ilowaisky, 1921, have adapted to a planktonic lifestyle. The ontogenetic mode of the highly differentiated ciliate, (Gelei, 1929) Gelei, 1954, is unknown. In this study, the interphase morphology and the ontogenetic process of this species are investigated. Accordingly, the previously unidentified ciliary pattern of is redefined. The main morphogenetic features are as follows: (1) The parental adoral zone of membranelles is inherited completely by the proter and the oral primordium of the opisthe arises in a deep pouch. (2) Five frontoventral cirral anlagen (FVA) are formed: FVA I contributes to the single frontal cirrus, FVA II-IV generate three frontoventral cirral rows, FVA V migrates and forms postoral ventral cirri. (3) All marginal cirral row anlagen develop de novo: each of the two left anlagen forms a single cirral row, while the single right anlage fragments into anterior and posterior parts. (4) Two dorsal kinety anlagen occur de novo, with the right one fragmenting to form kineties 2 and 3. (5) Two long caudal cirral rows are formed at the ends of dorsal kineties 1 and 3. On the basis of the morphogenetic features and phylogenetic analyses, the assignment of to the family Spirofilidae Gelei, 1929 within Postoralida is supported. The establishment of separate families for the slender "tubicolous" spirofilids and the highly helical spirofilids is also validated.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-022-00148-9.
与它们的远洋亲戚寡毛类纤毛虫形成鲜明对比的是，绝大多数下毛类纤毛虫栖息在底栖生物中。只有少数物种，包括1921年伊洛维斯基属的那些物种，适应了浮游生活方式。高度分化的纤毛虫（Gelei，1929）Gelei，1954的个体发育模式尚不清楚。在本研究中，对该物种的间期形态和个体发育过程进行了研究。因此，重新定义了该物种先前未确定的纤毛模式。主要形态发生特征如下：（1）亲代口膜带完全由前仔虫继承，后仔虫的口原基在一个深袋中产生。（2）形成五条额腹棘毛原基（FVA）：FVA I形成单条额棘毛，FVA II-IV产生三排额腹棘毛，FVA V迁移并形成口后腹棘毛。（3）所有边缘棘毛排原基都是重新形成的：左侧的两个原基各形成一排棘毛，而右侧的单个原基分裂成前后两部分。（4）两条背动基列原基重新形成，右侧的原基分裂形成动基列2和3。（5）在背动基列1和3的末端形成两条长的尾棘毛排。基于形态发生特征和系统发育分析，支持将该物种归入1929年Gelei的螺旋毛科（Postoralida）。还验证了为细长的“管栖”螺旋毛类和高度螺旋状的螺旋毛类建立单独的科。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s42995-022-00148-9获取的补充材料。
