Migration Health Division, International Organization for Migration (IOM), Amman, Jordan.
Epidemiological Surveillance Directorate, Jordan Center for Disease Control (JCDC), Amman, Jordan.
PLoS One. 2023 Apr 20;18(4):e0284762. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284762. eCollection 2023.
Human trafficking is considered a hidden global crime with unsubstantiated numbers. Despite the challenges in counting or measuring this crime, reports revealed the presence of around 40.3 million victims worldwide. Human trafficking results in severe detrimental impacts on both mental and physical health. Given the sensitivity and negative consequences of human trafficking on the global system and victims, and considering the scarce research in this area, our current study aimed at describing the (i) Sociodemographic profiles of anonymized victims, (ii) Means of control, and (iii) Purpose of trafficking, utilizing the largest anonymized and publicly available dataset on victims of human trafficking.
This is a retrospective secondary analysis of the Counter-Trafficking Data Collaborative (CTDC) data pool in the period from 2010 to 2020. The utilized dataset is called the k-anonymized global victim of trafficking dataset, and it is considered the largest global dataset on victims of human trafficking. Data from the k-anonymized data pool were extracted and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences, SPSS® version 27.0 for Windows (IBM Corp. Version 27.0. Armonk, NY) for quality check and analysis using descriptive statistics.
A total of 87003 victims of human trafficking were identified in the period from 2010 to 2020. The most age category encountered among victims was 9-17 years with 10326 victims (11.9%), followed by 30-38 years with 8562 victims (9.8%). Females comprised 70% of the sample with 60938 victims. The United States (n = 51611), Russia (n = 4570), and the Philippines (n = 1988) comprised the most countries of exploitation/trafficking. Additionally, the year 2019 witnessed the greatest number of victims registered for assistance by anti-trafficking agencies with around 21312 victims (24.5%). Concerning means of control, threats, psychological abuse, restriction of the victim's movement, taking the victim's earnings, and physical abuse were the most reported means. 42685 victims (49.1%) reported sexual exploitation as the purpose of their trafficking, followed by forced labor with 18176 victims (20.9%).
Various means and methods can be used by traffickers to control the victims to be trafficked for many purposes, with sexual exploitation and forced labor being the most common ones. Global anti-trafficking efforts should be brought together in solidarity through utilizing the paradigm of protection of victims, prosecution of traffickers, prevention of trafficking, and inter-sectoral partnerships. Despite being a global concern with various reports that tried to capture the number of trafficked victims worldwide, human trafficking still has many unseen aspects that impose a significant challenge and adds to the global burden in combatting this threat.
人口贩运被认为是一种全球性的隐性犯罪，其具体数字未经证实。尽管在统计或衡量这种犯罪方面存在挑战，但报告显示全球约有 4030 万受害者。人口贩运对受害者的身心健康造成严重的不利影响。鉴于人口贩运对全球体系和受害者的敏感性和负面影响，以及该领域研究的稀缺性，我们目前的研究旨在描述（i）匿名受害者的社会人口统计学特征，（ii）控制手段，以及（iii）人口贩运的目的，利用最大的匿名和公开的人口贩运受害者数据集。
这是对 2010 年至 2020 年期间反人口贩运数据协作组织（CTDC）数据池的回顾性二次分析。所使用的数据集称为 k-匿名全球人口贩运受害者数据集，它被认为是最大的全球人口贩运受害者数据集。从 k-匿名数据池中提取数据并导出到 Windows 版统计软件包社会科学版，SPSS® 27.0（IBM 公司，版本 27.0. 纽约州阿蒙克）进行质量检查和分析，使用描述性统计。
在 2010 年至 2020 年期间，共发现 87003 名人口贩运受害者。受害者中最常见的年龄组是 9-17 岁，有 10326 名受害者（11.9%），其次是 30-38 岁，有 8562 名受害者（9.8%）。女性占样本的 70%，有 60938 名受害者。美国（n=51611）、俄罗斯（n=4570）和菲律宾（n=1988）是剥削/贩运受害者最多的国家。此外，2019 年登记的寻求反人口贩运机构援助的受害者人数最多，约为 21312 人（24.5%）。关于控制手段，威胁、心理虐待、限制受害者的行动、拿走受害者的收入和身体虐待是最常报告的手段。42685 名受害者（49.1%）报告性剥削是他们被贩运的目的，其次是强迫劳动，有 18176 名受害者（20.9%）。
人口贩运者可以使用各种手段和方法来控制被贩运者，其目的多种多样，性剥削和强迫劳动最为常见。全球打击人口贩运的努力应通过利用受害者保护、人口贩运者起诉、预防人口贩运和部门间伙伴关系的范式团结起来。尽管人口贩运是一个全球性的问题，有许多报告试图捕捉全球被贩运受害者的数量，但人口贩运仍然有许多看不见的方面，这给打击这一威胁带来了重大挑战，并增加了全球负担。
