Poison Control Center, Academic Hospital CHU Angers, F-49000, Angers, France; University of Angers, Academic Hospital CHU Angers CHU Angers, University of Rennes, INSERM, École des Hautes études en Santé Publique, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irset) UMR_S 1085, F-49000, Angers, France.
Centre D'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS UMR 7372- Université de La Rochelle, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France; Cistude Nature, Chemin Du Moulinat, 33185, Le Haillan, France.
Toxicon. 2023 Jun 1;228:107130. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107130. Epub 2023 Apr 18.
Previous studies on viper bites in France have focused on clinical consequences of envenomation, efficacy of antivenom and epidemiology of bites. Herein, we wanted to clarify temporal and spatial patterns in bite incidence using a fine spatial scale (municipality level). We focused on viper bites recorded over the last 10 years in 4 regions of western France. We addressed the determinants of bite occurrence and number of bites considering the following variables: predicted probability of viper presence, species (V. aspis or V. berus), climatic data, tourism function rate, soil transformation and landscape use. 703 bite cases were retained with significant disparities between areas. Bites occurred either during a garden-related activity (339 cases, 51.2%) or during an activity in the countryside (300 cases, 45.3%). The probability of presence of a viper at the municipality level positively influenced the risk of being bitten (multiplied by 3 for a variation in probability of 0.25 from 0.5) but varied between species (lower in V. berus than V. aspis). Artificial land development had a positive effect on bite risks. Finally, a tourism function rate above 50 beds/100 inhabitants was strongly associated with an increase in the risk of occurrence and frequency of bites. Overall, viper bites recorded in our study were concentrated on the south coastline of Pays de la Loire region. The coastal towns are significant areas of tourist attraction and are located close to preserved semi-natural landscapes that provide favorable habitats for vipers. This convergence may favor human/wildlife encounters.
先前在法国进行的毒蛇咬伤研究主要集中在毒液的临床后果、抗蛇毒血清的疗效和咬伤的流行病学上。在这里，我们希望使用精细的空间尺度（市级别）来阐明咬伤发生率的时间和空间模式。我们关注的是过去 10 年在法国西部 4 个地区记录的毒蛇咬伤。我们考虑了以下变量来确定咬伤发生的决定因素和咬伤数量：毒蛇存在的预测概率、物种（V. aspis 或 V. berus）、气候数据、旅游功能率、土壤转化和景观利用。保留了 703 例有显著差异的咬伤病例。咬伤要么发生在与花园相关的活动期间（339 例，51.2%），要么发生在农村活动期间（300 例，45.3%）。市级别上毒蛇存在的概率正向影响咬伤的风险（在概率从 0.5 变化到 0.75 时，风险增加 3 倍），但在物种之间存在差异（V. berus 比 V. aspis 低）。人工土地开发对咬伤风险有积极影响。最后，旅游功能率高于 50 个床位/100 居民与咬伤发生和频率的风险增加强烈相关。总的来说，我们研究中记录的毒蛇咬伤集中在卢瓦尔河地区的南海岸线上。沿海城镇是旅游胜地，靠近保留的半自然景观，为毒蛇提供了有利的栖息地。这种交汇可能有利于人与野生动物的相遇。
