College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi, China.
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2023 Mar;34(3):671-678. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202303.014.
Understanding the effects of different fertilization treatments on microbial functional diversity in loess tableland wheat soil in south Shanxi Province can provide the theoretical basis from the perspective of microbial functional diversity for chemical fertilizer reduction, wheat yield increase, and soil fertility improvement in dryland soil. We conducted a long-term field experiment with seven fertilization treatments in winter wheat cultivation area of loess tableland in south Shanxi Province, including straw charcoal fertilizer (SF), bacterial fertilizer (BF), organic fertilizer (OF), humic acid fertilizer (HF), monitoring fertilizer (MF), farmer fertilizer (FF) and no fertilizer (CK). We employed Biolog-ECO microplate technique to investigate the differences of carbon source utilization capacity and functional diversity of soil microorganisms. The results showed that all the fertilization treatments could improve the metabolic activity and functional diversity of soil microbial community. Carbon source utilization was the most efficient in SF, with the overall soil microbial utilization ability of the 31 carbon sources and the utilization ability of different guilds of carbon sources being improved. Functional diversity, richness, and dominance based on microbial carbon sources utilization were significantly higher in SF treatment than that under other five treatments, and the evenness was higher than BF. Results of principal component analysis (PCA) and biclustering heatmap analysis showed that different fertilization treatments had significant effects on the metabolic function of microbial community. SF treatment could promote the functional diversity of soil microbial community, especially for the utilization of carbohydrates, carboxylic acids and amino acids. In conclusion, straw charcoal fertilizer had positive effects on soil microbial activity in wheat soil of loess tableland in south Shanxi Province.
了解不同施肥处理对晋南黄土塬区冬小麦土壤微生物功能多样性的影响，可以从微生物功能多样性的角度为旱地土壤的化肥减施、小麦增产和土壤肥力提升提供理论依据。本研究在晋南黄土塬区冬小麦种植区设置长期田间试验，包括 7 种施肥处理，即秸秆炭基肥（SF）、菌肥（BF）、有机肥（OF）、腐植酸肥（HF）、监测肥（MF）、农民习惯施肥（FF）和不施肥（CK），采用 Biolog-ECO 微平板技术研究了不同施肥处理对土壤微生物碳源利用能力和功能多样性的差异。结果表明，所有施肥处理均可提高土壤微生物群落的代谢活性和功能多样性。SF 处理的碳源利用效率最高，提高了土壤微生物对 31 种碳源的整体利用能力和不同碳源类群的利用能力。SF 处理的微生物碳源利用功能多样性、丰富度和优势度均显著高于其他 5 个处理，均匀度高于 BF 处理。主成分分析（PCA）和双聚类热图分析结果表明，不同施肥处理对微生物群落代谢功能有显著影响。SF 处理可促进土壤微生物群落的功能多样性，尤其是对碳水化合物、羧酸和氨基酸的利用。综上所述，秸秆炭基肥对晋南黄土塬区小麦土壤微生物活性具有积极作用。
